The invention relates to the technical field of surveying and mapping, in particular to a land planning levelness measuring device with a self-balancing structure. The device comprises a self-balancing rack mechanism, two groups of vertical frame mechanisms and a measuring mechanism, the self-balancing rack mechanism is symmetrically provided with the two groups of vertical frame mechanisms, and the two ends of the measuring mechanism are fixedly connected with the two groups of vertical frame mechanisms respectively. The electric push rod is controlled to operate through the first laser transmitter and the two sets of photosensitive sensors, the function of adjusting the height of each corner of the U-shaped rack is achieved, self-balancing of the U-shaped rack is achieved, manual calibration is not needed, the accuracy of the levelness measurement result is optimized, and measurement is conducted through multiple lasers at the same time. If the laser coincidence phenomenon occurs, it is indicated that the measuring device is in a fault state, it is convenient for workers to check device faults, the upper gear is manually shifted to drive the anti-dazzling screen to rotate, three-gear adjustment of laser brightness is achieved, the measuring requirements under different light rays are met, and the practicability of the device is better.