The invention relates to a hydraulic braking anti-lock braking system of an all-terrain vehicle. The system comprises a hydraulic brake unit and an anti-lock unit, wherein the hydraulic brake unit comprises a front wheel brake valve, a rear wheel brake valve, two front wheel cylinders and two rear wheel cylinders, and the anti-lock unit comprises an eccentric motor, a front wheel oil return plunger pump, a rear wheel oil return plunger pump, a front wheel energy accumulator, a rear wheel energy accumulator, two front wheel normally-open electromagnetic valves, two front wheel normally-closed electromagnetic valves, two rear wheel normally-open electromagnetic valves, two rear wheel normally-closed electromagnetic valves, two front wheel speed sensors, two rear wheel speed sensors and a controller. The system is advantaged in that the anti-lock braking system is introduced into the all-terrain vehicle, a hydraulic braking system is fully combined, the maximum deceleration of the vehiclecan be kept, stability and the steering capacity of the vehicle during braking can be kept, and that the vehicle is more smooth during braking under emergency conditions in the high-speed driving process can be guaranteed, and the driving pleasure of a driver is greatly improved.