The invention discloses a book inventory robot based on visual SLAM, and relates to the technical field of mechanical engineering. The invention includes a base, a surface of the base is provided with an installation groove, the inner surface of the installation groove is fixedly connected with a mobile positioning device, a surface of the base is fixedly connected with a protective cover, the inner surface of the protective cover is fixedly connected with a lifting encoder, and the shaft of the lifting encoder One end is fixedly connected with a transmission tooth, the axis of the transmission gear is connected with the base in rotation, one surface of the base is fixedly connected with a guide column, the side of the guide column is slidably connected with a lifting seat, and the side of the lifting seat is rotatably connected with a collar. The invention respectively records the displacement, elevation and rotation information of the robot through the mobile positioning device, the lifting encoder and the rotary encoder, so that each positioning and mapping is an independent individual, which avoids the error accumulation caused by the matching of the depth map before and after the visual SLAM technology, and improves the The accuracy of positioning is beneficial for the robot to perform image recognition.