82 results about "Icosahedron" patented technology

Methods, devices and systems for teaching, learning and understanding sacred geometry concepts through magnetic modular toys comprising a plurality of triangular modular members assembled to form multidimensional hedrons and where in each triangular member includes a magnet such that adjacent members have opposite magnetic polarity facing each triangular member. Platonic solid shapes with interior magnets to hold forms together for construction of larger Platonic solids, geometry learning, and puzzle solving skills. Multidimensional hedrons include simple and small as ell as stellated tetrahedrons, octahedrons, icosahedrons and dodecahedrons.

Apparatus and methods for encoding panoramic content, such as by a wide field of view and large image size. In one implementation, a panoramic image may be mapped to a cube, equirectangular or any other projection e.g., icosahedron or octahedron. Projection may be selected adaptively based on evaluation of the panoramic content. Content evaluation may include obtaining rate distortion cost metric for a given projection configuration including projection type, projection arrangement, and projection orientation. Projection configuration with the lowest cost may be selected as target projection for encoding content. As content composition changes (e.g., object motion, texture presence and / or location) projection may be adaptively selected to match changes in the content. Adaptive content selection methodology may provide for a lower encoded bitrate for a given encoded quality and / or higher quality for a given bitrate.

Apparatus and methods for characterizing panoramic content, such as by a wide field of view and large image size. In one implementation, a panoramic image may be mapped to a cube or any other projection e.g icosahedron or octahedron. The disclosure exploits content continuity between facets, such as in the case of encoding / decoding cube-projected images. One facet may be encoded / decoded independently from other facets to obtain a seed facet. One or more transformed versions of the seed facet may be obtained; e.g., one corresponding to a 90° counterclockwise rotation, another to a 90° clockwise rotation, and one to an 180° rotation. Transformed versions may be used to form an augmented image. The remaining facets of the cube may be encoded using transformed versions within the augmented image. Continuity between transformed facets in the top row of the augmented image and facets in the middle row of the augmented image may be utilized for motion or intra prediction, and to obtain greater encoding performance compared to encoding facets independently.

A golf ball having a dimpled surface that is subdivided into two or more distinct regions wherein different dimple placement schemes are used in different regions. A preferred embodiment has polar regions dimpled according to an octahedral-based dimple pattern and the equatorial region dimpled according to an icosahedron-based dimple pattern. This preferred embodiment has dimples of varying sizes and has 388 total dimples.

The invention relates to a high-strength magnesium alloy and a preparation method thereof, in particular to an enhanced high-strength magnesium-zinc-yttrium (Mg-Zn-Y) alloy capable of precipitating small similarly-spherical quasi-crystal phase through solution and aging. The mass percent of chemical elements in the alloy is that: 5 to 6 percent of Zn, 1 percent of Y, Mg supplementing the percentage to 100 percent, and the mass ratio of the Zn and Y falls in between 5 and 6. Zn is added in a form of pure Zn, Y is added in a Mg-Y master-alloy form with Y content of 25 percent by weight, and Mg adopts the industrial pure magnesium. The alloy prepared through preheating, smelting, refining, metal forming and heat treatment consists of alpha-Mg solid melt and icosahedron quasi-crystal phase, the shape of the quasi-crystal phase is similar to a spherical shape, and the size is small. The precipitated quasi-crystal particles are propped against dislocated intermediate pinning and a firm interfaces with a substrate, so that the magnesium alloy can be remarkably strengthened. The tensile strength of the high-strength magnesium alloy is more than 250MPa, and the elongation rate is more than5 percent. Due to the adoption of the quasi-crystal enhanced high-strength Mg-Zn-Y alloy and the preparation method thereof, the high-strength magnesium can be widely popularized to use in fields such as aviation, aerospace, traffics and the like.

A method of and apparatus for efficient encoding and decoding by reconstructing an icosahedron panorama image are provided. The method includes: dividing patches forming a top part and a bottom part, respectively, in development figure of an icosahedron panorama image, from patches forming a middle part; reconstructing the divided patches on a 2-dimensional plane so that patches having a high correlation are placed adjacent to each other; and encoding the reconstructed patches.

A designing method according to the present invention includes the steps of:(1) dividing a surface of a phantom sphere of a golf ball 2 into a plurality of units U by division lines 14 obtained by projecting edge lines of a regular polyhedron inscribed in the phantom sphere, on the surface of the phantom sphere;(2) obtaining a base pattern by randomly arranging a plurality of dimples 8 in one unit U such that the dimples 8 do not overlap each other; and(3) developing the base pattern over other units U such that patterns of two adjacent units U are not mirror-symmetrical to each other. The regular polyhedron is preferably a regular dodecahedron or a regular icosahedrons.

A structural system comprising the symmetrical interpenetration of an icosahedron and dodecahedron, further articulated to form a rhombic triacontahedron with each rhombus subdivided by two diagonals at its midpoint. The vertices of the original icosahedron and dodecahedron, and the midpoints of the rhombi, are projected such that a single circumscribed sphere would touch or nearly touch all three sets of resulting vertices. This geometry may used to create a hemispheric geodesic dome. Alternatively, this dome may be subdivided along the hemisphere's great circle segments into two half domes or four quarter domes. Rectangular structural elements may be inserted between the half or quarter domes to increase dome area without increasing dome height and to provide other advantages. The basic triangular components of the disclosed structure may be cut with minimal waste from conventional rectangular construction material such as Structural Insulated Panels. These basic triangular components may be connected with a living hinge.

The invention relates to a platinum icositetrahedron nm crystal catalyst and preparation method and application, relates to a nm catalyst and preparation method.It supplies a platinum icositetrahedron nm crystal catalyst and preparation method and application in fuel cells, electrochemical synthesis. It is a platinum nm crystal catalyst, with icositetrahedron; its surface is composed of high index crystal face structure of index (210)-(410). In preparation, first prepared the platinum nm particle by electrodeposit method; and treated the square wave potentials of the platinum nm particle on the basement: used the basement of electrodeposition platinum nm particles as a working electrode, working electrode and reference electrode add to the sulfuric acid solution containing additives, imposed square potential on the two electrodes, upper limit electric potential is 0.90 to 1.30V, the minimum potential is -0.30 to10V, the frequency is 1Hz to 1KHz, obtained the grain size of 5-300nm of the platinum icositetrahedron nm crystal catalyst.

Four predefined vertices define an icosahedron used for constructing a geodesic dome. Each section of the icosahedron, including the top, center, and bottom, is sequentially processed to construct a plurality of vertices and a plurality of indices of triangles on the surface of the geodesic dome. One of the inputs defines the order of the geodesic dome, which determines the number of vertices. A plurality of transformation matrices are employed to rotate a three-dimensional vector about a selected axis through a predefined angle to generate the vertices. The indices for the triangles are constructed as either triangle strips or triangle lists, for each of the three sections of the icosahedron. Vertices are stored in a vertex buffer and indices in an index buffer. The vertices are selected to form a plurality of edges disposed at an equal distance from the center of the icosahedron.

The invention provides a kind of single icosahedron quasicrystal material with hydrogen storing function. Its component is Ti100-x-y-zZrxNiyCuz, thereinto, 10 < x < 45, 5 < y < 20, 1 < z < 10. the forming ability of the alloy quasicrystal is strong, and the formed quasicrystal material is single icosahedron structure. It is thermodynamics is stable, and has good hydrogen storing function. It can be applied in gaseous state hydrogen storing material and battery cathode material; meantime, it provides a kind of producing method of the material: according to the count of the component formula of the quasicrystal material, choose powders of Ti, Zr, Ni, and Cu of 100 holes per cm2 chemical purity, encase them in the ball milling pot of the high energy ball mill, the ball material rate is 20 : 1, ball mill for 100 - 200 hours under the protection of argon, seal the ball milled alloy powders in the quartz tube, have heat processing at 1 í‡ 10-3 Pa, the heat processing temperature is 480 - 650 Deg. C, the time is 0.5 - 6 hours. Its craft is simple, the operational ability is strong, and it is easy to be industrialized.

The invention discloses a nickel-doped zinc oxide hierarchical structure photocatalytic nano-material having a visible-light photocatalytic activity and a preparation method thereof. The component of the material is Zn1-xNixO, wherein x=0.5-10 mol%. The method comprises the steps: dissolving a zinc salt, a nickel salt and an alkali in an alcohol solvent or an alcohol / water mixed solvent to obtain a precursor solution with the total concentration of the metal ions of 0.0625-0.25 mol / L and the molar concentration of the alkali of 0.0625-2.5 mol / L; placing the precursor solution in a high-pressure reaction kettle for sealing reaction; after cooling, washing with ethanol, drying in air, and thus obtaining the photocatalytic nano-material having a nano-granular structure, a hollow sphere structure, an icosahedron structure, a hexagonal prism structure or a ball-like structure and other hierarchical structures. The material both has relatively strong photoabsorption and photoresponse in the visible light range of 400-700 nm, significantly improves the activity of visible-light photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes, and can be widely used for photocatalytic degradation treatment of dye industry wastewater.

The invention discloses a method for achieving a three-dimensional verification code. The method comprises the steps that a three-dimensional sphere capable of rotating is drawn and each point on the spherical surface of the three-dimensional sphere is expressed through a vector; a set of noise points are randomly added to the spherical surface of the three-dimensional sphere according to a preset rule; generated characters in the verification code are projected onto the three-dimensional sphere; two points are randomly chosen from the spherical surface of the three-dimensional sphere and are connected to form a line, so that a random noise line is generated; the random noise line is displayed on a verification interface to be identified by a user. A method for drawing the three-dimensional sphere capable of rotating comprises the steps that an icosahedron is drawn and coordinates of the icosahedron are stored in an array; in terms of each triangular face, midpoints of the three sides are obtained, and the length of the vector of each midpoint is adjusted to be identical to the radius of the sphere; each triangle is divided into four parts, the icosahedron is subdivided into an eighty-face body and a three-hundred-twenty-face body according to the recursive algorithm, and by parity of reasoning, the icosahedron is divided until a body similar to the sphere is obtained.

Golf ball 2 has numerous dimples 8. The surface of the golf ball is divided by comparting lines CM corresponds to edges of a regular icosahedron into eight first spherical regular triangles T1, six second spherical regular triangles T2, and six third spherical regular triangles T3. The first spherical regular triangles T1 do not include the equatorial line EQ. The second spherical regular triangles T2 and the third spherical regular triangles T3 include the equatorial line EQ. The dimple pattern on the first spherical regular triangle T1 is different from the dimple patterns on the second spherical regular triangle T2 and third spherical regular triangle T3. The dimple pattern on the first spherical regular triangle T1 has rotational symmetry and line symmetry. The dimple pattern on the second spherical regular triangle T2 and the third spherical regular triangle T3 has neither a rotational symmetry nor line symmetry. This golf ball 2 does not have any great circle path.

The invention provides a dynamic measurement angle calibration device and a calibration method of a round inductosyn. The calibration device is installed on an operation platform (1) and comprises a base(2), an axis system (3), a permanent magnet synchronous torque motor (4), the round inductosyn, a circular grating, a reading head (6), a metal regular icosahedron prism (7), an optoelectronic autocollimation instrument (8) and two orthogonal gradienters (9). The calibration method mainly includes a calibration preparation step, an axis system dip angle rotation error detection step, a circularinductosyn and circular grating static-calibration step, a circular inductosyn and circular grating reference zero position measurement step, a dynamic measurement angle calibration and compensationstep and a repeated calibration verification step. The dynamic measurement angle calibration device has the advantages of high calibration accuracy and convenient device adjustment and meanwhile integrates the advantages of static and dynamic measurement angle precision calibration, and the high-precision dynamic continuous calibration of circular inductosyn measurement angle precision is really achieved.

The invention discloses a regular icosahedrons-based optical intelligent antenna, which adopts the structure that each face of the regular icosahedrons serves as a receiving unit and is provided with a plurality of laser transmitting units in ordered structure, the receiving units of the antenna in the structure adopt such a manner that receiving and transmitting occur at the same time, all the receiving-transmitting units of a laser transmit-receive array are correlated with and controlled by an optical switch array, and the pointing of one or more than one laser beams can be changed through the on / off of the optical switch array, so that functions of acquisition, pointing and tracking (APT) in the communication of the antenna are realized. According to the invention, the transmitting units can be switched according to the motion states of the two parties in communication, the pointing and tracking speed for the laser beams is quicker, and the defects of a mechanical method, such as large inertia and low speed in rotating the antenna, can be effectively overcome. Moreover, the omni-directional spatial and accurate acquisition, pointing and tracking functions are realized in a free space optical communication (FSO) system which adopts a fast point-point movement manner.

Materials containing picocrystalline quantum dots that form artificial atoms are disclosed. The picocrystalline quantum dots (in the form of boron icosahedra with a nearly-symmetrical nuclear configuration) can replace corner silicon atoms in a structure that demonstrates both short range and long-range order as determined by x-ray diffraction of actual samples. A novel class of boron rich compositions that self-assemble from boron, silicon, hydrogen and, optionally, oxygen is also disclosed. The preferred stoichiometric range for the compositions is (B12Hw)xSiyOz with 3≦w≦5, 2≦x≦3, 2≦y≦5 and 0<z≦3. By varying oxygen content and the presence or absence of a significant impurity such as gold, unique electrical devices can be constructed that improve upon and are compatible with current semiconductor technology.

A Building Framework with 26 sides (Icosahexahedral) and 16 Vertices, known whimsically as a Silmaril. It is derived from the fusion of 2 Icosahedral Frameworks into a single framework with 3 equidistant and parallel internal planes, one plane a perfectly symmetrical 12 sided elliptical equatorial, the other 2 planes being geometrically related 6 sided inversions, resulting in useful practical applications of the Building Framework. Having 20 identical equilateral triangles, 2 sides which are isosceles triangles, another 2 sides different but geometrically related isosceles triangles, and 2 quadrilaterals again geometrically related to the previous triangles. It is geodesic in many planes resulting in great structural strength, integrity and aesthetic appearance. External alignment points allow joining multiple similar frameworks into expanded building frameworks in many dimensions. Some dimensions are of the Fibonacci Ratio. It aligns mystically in 2 dimensions perfectly with the Star Constellation Orion depicting an ancient Universal Sign of Peace.

The invention discloses a 12-hole omni-directional probe for the subsonic-speed and complex three-dimensional flow field measurement. The 12-hole omni-directional probe comprises a pressure measuring head 1, a pressure measuring rod, an installation base 5, a positioning ring 6, a pressure measuring pipe 7 and a pressure mouthpiece 8. The pressure measuring rod is of a hollow structure and is composed of a first strut 3, a second strut 3 and a third strut 4. The pressure measuring head 1 is of a spherical structure and the diameter of the spherical structure is 5-30 mm. The spherical structure is machined through the electric spark molding step or the electrolytic molding step. 12 pressure measuring holes are arranged at 12 vertexes of a regular icosahedron in internal connection with the pressure measuring head 1. One end of the pressure measuring pipe 7 is connected with the pressure mouthpiece 8. The other end of the pressure measuring pipe 7 is connected with the pressure measuring head 1 after passing through the pressure measuring pipe 7. The pressure measuring head 1, the pressure measuring rod and the pressure measuring pipe 7 are connected together through the silver-based brazing process. One end of the pressure mouthpiece 8 is connected with the pressure measuring pipe 7. The other end of the pressure mouthpiece 8 is connected with a rear-end pressure scanning element so as to convert pressure signals into electric signals.

The invention provides a preparation method of a transmission electron microscope film sample containing icosahedron quasi-crystal through rapidly solidifying aluminum alloy powder, and relates to the field of preparation of a transmission electron microscope film sample. The invention aims to solve the problems that the transmission electron microscope film sample containing the icosahedrons quasi-crystal is not prepared in the prior art. The preparation method comprises the following specific operation steps: 1) preparing an electroplating solution; 2) connecting devices; and 3) electroplating. The transmission electron microscope film sample through rapidly solidifying aluminum alloy powder prepared by the invention contains the icosahedrons quasi-crystal. The inventive method is mainly used for preparing the transmission electron microscope film sample containing the icosahedrons quasi-crystal through the rapidly solidifying aluminum alloy powder.

The invention discloses a preparation method of boron-doped ultra / fine diamond monocrystal micropowder, which comprises the following steps: pretreating a silicon-base substrate to be used as a substrate material for growth of monocrystal micropowder; depositing the silicon-base substrate by hot filament chemical vapor deposition to obtain uniformly dispersed boron-doped diamond monocrystal particles, wherein a boron-containing compound is added into a reaction system of hydrogen and acetone used as reactant gases, the reaction pressure is 2-4.5 kPa, and the temperature of the silicon-base substrate is 700-950 DEG C; and carrying out a substrate removal technique, a mixed acid solution removal technique and a particle distillation technique to treat the boron-doped diamond monocrystal particles, thereby obtaining the boron-doped ultra / fine diamond monocrystal micropowder. A higher proportion of hexa-octahedron or icosahedron complex crystals in the ultra / fine diamond micropowder can obviously enhance the growth rate of the ultra / fine diamond monocrystal particles and improve the crystal form and quality of the particles.

The present invention discloses a draft-based three-dimensional model retrieval viewpoint selection method, comprising the following steps of step 1, manually classifying models in a database; step 2, determining a universal set of viewpoints by performing triangle subdivision on an icosahedron; step 3, calculating the entropy value of each model at each viewpoint; step 4, according to a calculation result in the step 3, determining the number of the viewpoints of each type of model; step 5, according to a calculation result in the step 4, performing a clustering operation on the universal set of the viewpoints so as to determine a selected viewpoint; and step 6, according to the viewpoint generated in the step 5, generating a two-dimensional projection view. The draft-based three-dimensional model retrieval viewpoint selection method has the advantages of excellent matching result, effective improvement on system operating efficiency and the like.

The invention discloses Mg-Zn-Y directional solidification alloy and a preparing method thereof. The Mg-Zn-Y directional solidification alloy comprises, by mass, 6.00%-9.00% of Zn, 1.00%-2.00% of Y and the balance Mg. The Mg-Zn-Y directional solidification alloy and the preparing method thereof have the beneficial effects that the Mg-Zn-Y directional solidification alloy has columnar crystal tissue, has high strength and certain plasticity under the room temperature, and more importantly has high-temperature mechanical performance; particularly, the Mg-Zn-Y directional solidification alloy obtains a columnar crystal tissue with specific orientation, wherein in the columnar crystal tissue, primary arm growing is parallel, a longitudinal crystal boundary is straight, and a transverse crystal boundary does not exist. Granular phases are dispersed and distributed in crystals, and the crystal boundary phases and the crystal internal granular phases are icosahedron quasi-crystals I-Mg3Zn6Y; and the problems that in the prior art, Mg-Zn-Y alloy solidification tissue is thick, quasi-crystals are connected into a net shape in an eutectic structure form to be distributed among alpha-Mg dendritic crystals, and the quasi-crystal strengthening function cannot be developed fully are solved.

A torquer apparatus generally comprises a reaction-gyro sphere consisting of a concentric assembly of a substantially spherical rotor and a substantially spherical stator. This is implemented in the present invention as a rotor with magnetic poles such that, when radially projected on a concentric octahedron, the same symmetrical pattern is obtained on all faces of said octahedron, the polarity of the poles projected on two adjacent faces of said octahedron being opposite and a stator with at least twenty poles magnetized with coils and such that, when radially projected on a concentric icosahedron, the same symmetrical pattern is obtained on all faces of said icosahedron, said stator being-in nominal position-concentric with said rotor. Real-time measurements, or equivalent information, of the position of the rotor with respect to the stator are obtained together with exported torque from the stator, or the orientation of the rotor with respect to the stator. A controller controls the current in the coils of the stator poles based on said measurements, or said equivalent information, such that the rotor is magnetically held in said nominal position, and that the desired torque is exported.

The invention discloses a unidirectional-movement expandable symmetric coupling mechanism of an icosahedron. The mechanism comprises twenty-two joints, forty connecting rods and twenty faces. The twenty-two joints comprise two regular pentagons, ten rhombuses and ten regular triangles. The included angles between the adjacent axes of five rotary pairs on each regular pentagon are 108 degrees, the included angles between the adjacent axes of four rotary pairs of each rhombus are 90 degrees, and the included angles between the adjacent axes of three rotary pairs of each regular triangle are 60 degrees. Branch structures of the mechanism are the same in composition and are distributed symmetrically, joint components are composed of triangles, quadrangles and regular pentagons, and the diversity of the coupling mechanism is enriched. The mechanism can achieve unidirectional movement and movement of contraction and expansion towards the geometric center and belongs to a polyhedron expandable coupling mechanism. If the mechanism is improved, a framework of an umbrella or a tent can be utilized, expanding and closing are achieved according to work conditions and environment requirements, transportation is facilitated, and the mechanism can better adapt to special occasions and has good application prospects.

Four predefined vertices define an icosahedron used for constructing a geodesic dome. Each section of the icosahedron, including the top, center, and bottom, is sequentially processed to construct a plurality of vertices and a plurality of indices of triangles on the surface of the geodesic dome. One of the inputs defines the order of the geodesic dome, which determines the number of vertices. A plurality of transformation matrices are employed to rotate a three-dimensional vector about a selected axis through a predefined angle to generate the vertices. The indices for the triangles are constructed as either triangle strips or triangle lists, for each of the three sections of the icosahedron. Vertices are stored in a vertex buffer and indices in an index buffer. The vertices are selected to form a plurality of edges disposed at an equal distance from the center of the icosahedron.

The invention provides a magnesium-based spherical quasicrystal master alloy and a preparation method thereof, which relates to a magnesium-based alloy taking zinc as a secondary main component. The alloy is a Mg-Zn-Y-C quaternary magnesium-based icosahedral spherical quasicrystal master alloy comprising the following chemical components: 55.0 to 65.0 percent of Mg, 30.0 to 40.0 percent of Zn, 2.5 to 5.5 percent of Y, and 0.1 to 0.5 percent of C, wherein the diameter of spherical quasicrystals is 3 to 7 mu m; the average diameter of the spherical quasicrystals is 6 mu m; and the volume of the spherical quasicrystals accounts for 40 to 48 percent of the total volume of the alloy. The preparation method is characterized by adopting control over solidification rate, namely pouring molten alloy into a casting mold with cooling rate controllable and controlling the solidification rate in a range between 68.4 and 84.8 K / s. The alloy can improve the mechanical properties of alloy material better when a magnesium alloy matrix is reinforced, and has the advantages of simple process, not high demand for equipment, extensive sources of raw materials, convenience for realizing industrialized production and resource conservation.

The invention discloses Au75Pd25 icosahedron nanocrystal with twin boundaries as well as a preparation method and application of the Au75Pd25 icosahedron nanocrystal. The Au75Pd25 icosahedron nanocrystal is characterized by comprising 30 twin boundaries and 20 {111} crystal surfaces, wherein an Au75Pd25 / C double-metal nano catalyst prepared by loading Au75Pd25 icosahedron nanocrystal on carbon black can be used for catalyzing cyclohexane oxidation. Compared with other conventional catalysts, the synthesized catalyst is uniform in size, shows very excellent properties in catalyzing cyclohexane oxidation, and has very wide application prospect in the field of cyclohexane catalytic oxidation as the conversion rate of cyclohexane when oxidized into cyclohexanol and cyclohexanone and the selectivity is as high as 100%.