The invention discloses a method and device for aiming at and fetching a columnar micro-part on the basis of the microscopic vision. The device comprises four motion platforms, two paths of orthogonally-arranged microscopic vision systems, a gripper, a vacuum generator and a computer, wherein each path of microscopic vision system is installed on the six-degree-of-freedom motion platform; the gripper is installed on the three-degree-of-freedom motion platform; and the columnar micro-part is arranged on the six-degree-of-freedom platform. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, the gripper enters the visual field of the microscopic vision systems; by taking the gripper as the standard, the poses of the orthogonally-arranged microscopic vision systems are regulated; then, the gripper is exited; the columnar micro-part enters the visual field; the gesture of the columnar micro-part is regulated; and under the guidance of the vertically-downward microscopic vision systems, the gripper approaches to the columnar micro-part and fetches the columnar micro-part in a vacuum adsorption mode. According to the invention, the decoupling of a camera coordinate system and a motion coordinate system is realized, the parameter of the camera does not need to be calibrated, and the microscopic vision systems do not need to be focused for several times, thereby being convenient to apply.