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The present application relates to the technical field of battery cooling, and discloses an adaptive dual-mode immersed liquid cooling system based on acoustic-heat flow collaborative sensing. The system comprises an acoustic sensor, a temperature sensor, a fuzzy controller, a multi-channel controller, a pump, a cooling coil, a radiator and a water tank. The system can perform single phase change cooling operation in a low rate mode and flow phase change collaborative cooling operation in a high rate mode, and mode switching decisions are made based on frequency domain changes of acoustic characteristics and calculated values of heat flow density. The acoustic sensor collects boiling acoustic wave signals of the cooling liquid, the temperature sensor monitors the battery temperature gradient, the fuzzy controller generates control instructions based on the above signals, and the multi-channel controller controls the pump power, the cooling coil flow and the radiator power. Through collaborative sensing and dual-mode adaptive adjustment, the system improves the cooling efficiency and response speed, adapts to different battery load states, and ensures the safe and stable operation of the battery.