104results about How to "Shorten the start-up period" patented technology

The invention discloses a nitrogen-doped graphene catalyst as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: drying and dehydrating glucose and urea, and mixing with melamine, wherein the mass ratio of the urea to melamine is 2-4; uniformly grinding the mixture, and calcining the mixture into a muffle furnace at the temperature of 550 DEG C for 3 hours; cooling and grinding uniformly, adding the mixture into a tube furnace, introducing into nitrogen protection, calcining at the temperature of 850-1000 DEG C for an hour, thereby obtaining the nitrogen-doped graphene catalyst. According to the in-situ nitrogen-doped graphene disclosed by the invention, the used raw materials are low in price, the method is simple, the yield is high, and graphite-like nitrogen doped graphene with the highest ratio is obtained by changing the rate of the raw materials and the temperature, so that the catalyst has a good oxidation-reduction effect, and expensive Pt can be replaced to a certain degree.

The invention discloses a carboxylated carbon nanotube catalyst carrier as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the carboxylated carbon nanotube catalyst carrier comprises the following steps of: putting carbon nanotubes in the mixed liquid of concentrated HNO3 and concentrated H2SO4 in a volume ratio of (1: 3)-(3: 2) and performing constant-temperature reflux treatment in the range of 80-95 DEG C for 100-120 minutes, and then washing and drying, thereby obtaining the carboxylic carbon nanotube catalyst carrier. The catalyst carrier is used for preparing Pt/CNT catalyst; the obtained Pt/CNT catalyst is used as an air cathode material for preparing a single-cavity membrane-free air cathode microbial fuel cell. The rich oxygen-containing groups are introduced on the surface of the catalyst carrier prepared by the method, so that the oxygen reduction effect of the catalyst is improved; and the Pt/CNT catalyst prepared from the catalyst carrier succeeds in starting MFC (Micro Function Circuit) so that the start period of MFC is shortened, the internal resistance of MFC can be reduced and the output voltage of MFC also can be greatly increased.

The invention discloses a method for improving the anaerobic sludge granulation efficiency, and belongs to the field of organic waste water treatment. The method for improving the anaerobic sludge granulation efficiency is provided for the problems that the anaerobic granular sludge culture circle is long, the granule stability is poor, and the culture cost is high in the prior art. The method comprises the steps that an appropriate number of organically synthesized acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) signal molecules are added into the bottom of an EGSB reactor used for anaerobic sludge granulation culture periodically and mixed with anaerobic sludge, the addition cycle is the same as the hydraulic retention time, and the advantages that the anaerobic sludge granulation efficiency is high, the cost is low, the needed granulation time is greatly shortened, the formed granular sludge is good in stability, the structure is simple, and operation is convenient can be achieved.

The invention provides a starting method of a reaction device for preparing low-carbon olefin by use of methanol, and the method is mainly for solving the problems of longer starting time, larger damage degree of the catalyst and lower safety factor in the prior art. The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: a reaction device comprising a reactor, a regenerator, two auxiliary combustion chambers, an auxiliary heating furnace and a catalyst storage tank is adopted, wherein the reactor and the regenerator are respectively provided with one auxiliary combustion chamber; the two auxiliary combustion chambers are respectively used for drying linings of the reactor and the regenerator and heating the regenerator and the reactor; and steam heated through the auxiliary heating furnace is introduced into the reactor, thus the problems in the prior art are better solved, thus the method provided by the invention can be used in industrial production of the low-carbon olefin.

The invention provides a water treatment method capable of regulating and controlling rapid start of nitrification effect of a biological membrane, belongs to the technical field of feed water treatment and relates to a method for regulating and controlling rapid start of nitrification effect of a biological membrane by use of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHLs) signal molecules. The invention aims at providing a method for regulating and controlling rapid start of nitrification effect of a biological membrane by use of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHLs) signal molecules. During an operation process of a bioreactor, the hydraulic retention time is 0.5-2.5h, the dissolved oxygen concentration is higher than 2mg/L, the operation temperature of the bioreactor is 5-30 DEG C, a fluidized bed light suspended filler is utilized as a feed water treatment filler, the initial concentration of exogenous AHLs at the start-up initial stage of the bioreactor is 0.1 mu mol/L-1.0 mu mol/L, the pollutant ammonia concentration of inlet water is less than or equal to 5mg/L, and the total organic carbon concentration is less than or equal to 10mg/L. According to the method, through quickening formation of a biological membrane, the start period of the reactor is shortened, growth of nitrobacteria is regulated and controlled, nitrobacteria is promoted to become dominant microflora, and thus transfer of nitrogen in water is promoted.

The invention provides a method for promoting the startup of an anaerobic reactor, and belongs to the field of anaerobic biological treatment of wastewater. The method comprises the following steps: (1) performing mixed culturing on a conductive particle dispersion and anaerobic activated sludge to prepare compound anaerobic activated sludge; and (2) inoculating the anaerobic reactor with the compound anaerobic activated sludge obtained in step (1) at a concentration of 5-15 gVSS/L, and intensifying the startup of the reactor, wherein the conductive nanoparticles are an electrical non-biotoxicmaterial. The conductive nanomaterial is compounded with bacteria in an anaerobic sewage treatment system in the method to enhance the metabolism of anaerobic bacteria, and the introduction of the conductive particles effectively improves the anaerobic reactor's ability to cope with high organic load, enhances the stability in the startup process of the reactor, and promotes the startup of the reactor.

The invention discloses a compound microbial active filling material for removing sulphur-containing repugnant substances, as well as preparation and application of the compound microbial active filling material. Ochrobactrum anthropi SL1 and aquamicrobium defluvii SU1 related in the invention are isolated bacteria obtained in a reactor for processing repugnant substances, such as H2S, in a water pollution control laboratory of the ecological environment research centre of the Chinese academy of sciences. The bacterial strains are preserved in the general microbial centre of the Chinese general microbial strain preservation and management committee. The preservation numbers are CGMCC No.7400 and CGMCC No.7399 respectively. The compound microbial active filling material disclosed by the invention has the advantages of being large in specific area, high in porosity, good in air permeability, low in resistance, high in bacterial cell loading capacity and less prone to run away; and because of being loaded with ochrobactrum anthropi SL1 and aquamicrobium defluvii SU1, the compound microbial active filling material is difficult to decay and deform in a bioreactor for purifying waste gas, and therefore, the compound microbial active filling material can be used for a long time and is applied to complex processing conditions.

The present invention belongs to the field of inorganic non-metal material, and is especially the preparation process of superfine xonotlite fiber. The present invention adopts natural quartz powder as silicon material, common lime as calcium material and zirconium oxychloride as additive. The preparation process includes slaking lime in water over 40 deg.c into Ca(OH)2, 200-mesh sieving, adding quartz powder in the Ca/Si molar ratio in slurry of 0.94-0.99, adding zirconium oxychloride and water in the molar ratio between Zr ion and Ca ion plus Si ion of 0.01-0.07 and water/solid weight of 1 to 20-40; heating the compounded slurry in high pressure reactor to 190-220 deg.c while stirring and maintaining the temperature for 3-8 hr under stirring and pressure of 1.7-2.4 MPa; cooling and stoving to obtain superfine xonotlite fiber. The present invention has simple technological process, low material cost and wide application foreground.

The invention relates to a quick starting method for producing biogas through anaerobic fermentation of municipal sludge. Anaerobic fermentation used as an effective recycling method is widely utilized in the world, but methanogens have high requirements in environment and are long in generation cycle, and according to the starting stage of an anaerobic digestion system, 3 to 8 months or even more time is usually needed. The invention provides the quick starting method according to the anaerobic fermentation of the municipal sludge, only 50 days is needed in the starting process, and the gas production and the content of methane are normal, and volatile fatty acids are prevented from being accumulated. The method comprises the specific steps of: adding anaerobic sludge used as inoculation sludge in an amount which is 10 to 15 percent based on the effective volume of an anaerobic reactor into the anaerobic reactor, feeding materials every day and not discharging, wherein according to a feeding strategy, effective microbial biomass of each day in the reactor is calculated, and starting a fermentation system every day in a feeding ratio, wherein the feeding ratio of matrix to the effective microbial biomass is always 10 percent. Experiments prove that by the method, the anaerobic reactor for the sludge can be quickly started.

The invention discloses a carbon-doped nano-catalyst as well as a preparation method and an application thereof. The preparation method comprises steps as follows: a whole boiled egg is ground, dehydrated and mixed with g-C3N4, the mass ratio of the dehydrated egg to g-C3N4 is 0.5-2, the mixture is ground uniformly and put in a tube furnace, nitrogen is introduced for protection, the mixture is calcined at the temperature of 800-1,000 DEG C for 1-3 h at the heating speed of 5-15 DEG C/min, and the carbon-doped nano-catalyst is obtained. Raw materials required for the carbon-doped nano-catalyst are cheap, the method is simple, the yield is high, the carbon-doped nano-catalyst with the best catalysis effect is obtained by changing the proportion of raw materials and the heating speed, and the carbon-doped nano-catalyst can replace expensive Pt/C (20%) to a certain extent in the aspect of oxygen reduction effect under the neutrality condition.

The invention provides a denitrification and algae removal-enhanced raw water biomembrane pretreatment technology device and method. According to the technology device, a water inlet pipe, a water inlet unit, an inlet water distribution plate, an aeration device, an aeration pipe, dividing screens, a carrier filling area, an outlet water distribution plate, a water outlet unit, an overflow weir and a water outlet pipe are arranged on the side surface of the bottom of a reactor body; and on this basis, the invention provides a denitrification and algae removal-enhanced raw water biomembrane pretreatment technology starting and running method. The advantages are that a biomembrane can effectively remove pollutants such as nitrogen in raw water, and algae can be synchronously removed though the effects such as adsorption and mechanical interception; through the inlet water distribution plate, the volume of a dead zone of a reactor can be greatly reduced, and algae can be effectively intercepted by matching the dividing screens, the outlet water distribution plate and the filling carrier; a precoating filler is beneficial to shortening of biomembrane pretreatment technology starting period, and shortening the time for realizing the synchronous denitrification and algae removal of the reactor; and through the optimization of aeration conditions and positions, not only can the ammoxidization performance be enhanced, but also the energy consumption for aeration can be reduced.

The invention discloses ochrobactrum anthropi SL1 and application thereof to removal of repugnant substances containing sulfur. Ochrobactrum anthropi SL1 is an isolate obtained from a reactor for treating repugnant substances containing H2S and the like in a water pollution control laboratory in Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The strain is collected in China General Microbiological Culture Collection Center (CGMCC), with collection number of CGMCC No.7400. The strain can be used for preparing microbial active fillers, is used for purifying the repugnant substances containing sulfur and solving the problem of odor pollution produced in the processes of sewage, sludge and refuse treatment and composting, and has more than 90% of efficiency of degrading repugnant substances containing sulfur such as hydrogen sulfide, methanethiol, dimethyl sulfide and the like.

Belonging to the field of sewage treatment and solid waste recycling, the invention relates to a method for quick start of a sludge superhigh temperature anaerobic digestion system. The basic process includes: (1) using a mixture of high temperature anaerobic digestion sludge and dehydrated sludge in a VS ratio of 1:1 to conduct thermophilic methanobacteria initial enrichment in a 65DEG C anaerobic reactor; (2) mixing a mixture equal to the amount of that in step (1) with the initially enriched material, and conducting thermophilic methanobacteria secondary enrichment; (3) employing a mixture of high temperature sludge and dehydrated sludge in a VS ratio of 1:1 to start the reactor, controlling the daily adding amount accounting for 5-8% of the total amount in the reactor, and keeping no discharging in the process; and (4) within 3 SRT time, replacing mixed feeding gradually with pure sludge feeding, thus completing start of the sludge superhigh temperature anaerobic digestion reactor. The gas production rate is recorded every day, and the methane content is tested. When pure sludge is fed, and the methane content reaches more than 50%, the reactor start can be considered smooth. Experiments prove that the method can realize quick start of the sludge superhigh temperature anaerobic digestion system.

The invention discloses an improved treatment system of activated sludge of urban sewage and a starting method. The improved treatment system of activated sludge of urban sewage comprises a primary treatment system and a secondary treatment system, wherein the primary treatment system mainly comprises a grid and a primary sedimentation pond; the secondary treatment system mainly comprises an anaerobic pond, an anoxic pond, an aerobic pond and a sedimentation pond; a primary sedimentation sludge reverse-flow system is arranged between the primary treatment system and the secondary treatment system; and a part of sludge deposited in the primary sedimentation pond as vaccination sludge of the secondary biological treatment system is added to the secondary treatment system in fixed time and fixed quantity by the primary sedimentation sludge reverse-flow system. By using the treatment system, the biological treatment system of the secondary treatment of the urban sewage is quickly started, thereby shortening a starting period; the treatment system exerts performance to the largest limit within the shortest time; at the same time, the operation expense is saved; and the improved treatment system is suitable for the start and the operation maintenance of the secondary treatment system of various urban sewage treatment factories with the primary sedimentation pond by an activated sludge method.

The invention discloses a microbial active filler containing paenibacillus sp., and an application thereof in removing sulfur-dioxide-containing gas. Specifically, the strain is paenibacillus sp. IB1 with a preservation number of CGMCC No. 10775. The microbial active filler prepared by loading a bacterial suspension liquid of the strain on a porous filling material can be used for treating sulfur-dioxide-containing gas, wherein a sulfur dioxide degradation efficiency reaches 90-100%. The microbial active filler has the characteristics of short start-up period and high loading capacity. The paenibacillus sp. IB1 has high acid resistance, and can be used for continuously and effectively purifying sulfur dioxide in a strongly acidic (pH2) environment. The paenibacillus sp. IB1 can be adapted to a high-temperature condition. Under a temperature of 50-65 DEG C, paenibacillus sp. IB1 can grow well and can effectively remove sulfur dioxide in waste gas with relatively high temperatures.

The invention discloses a rapid startup device and method for normal-temperature shortcut nitrification of urban sewage with low C/N ratio. The device comprises an SBR (sequencing batch reactor), wherein an aeration device, a DO sensor, a stirring device and a pH sensor are arranged in the SBR; the SBR is connected with a water inlet pump and a water outlet pump through pipes; a sludge discharge pipe is arranged at the bottom of the SBR. Meanwhile, the rapid startup method for normal-temperature shortcut nitrification of the urban sewage with the low C/N ratio is disclosed and comprises the following steps: (1) inoculation; (2) sewage feeding; (3) aeration; (4) standing for discharging; (5) repeated treatment; (6) pH shock. Growth of AOB can be promoted better, nitrification is inhibited,energy consumption of a reaction device can be reduced effectively, startup period for shortcut nitrification is shortened, and rapid startup for shortcut nitrification of domestic sewage with low ammonia nitrogen content can be realized.

Belonging to the field of sewage treatment and solid waste recycling, the invention relates to a method for quick start of a sludge superhigh temperature anaerobic digestion system with cow dung. The basic process includes: (1) using a mixture of cow dung and dehydrated sludge in a VS ratio of 1:1 to conduct thermophilic methanobacteria initial enrichment in a 65DEG C anaerobic reactor; (2) mixing a mixture equal to the amount of that in step (1) with the initially enriched material, and conducting thermophilic methanobacteria secondary enrichment; (3) employing a mixture of cow dung and sludge in a VS ratio of 1:1 to start the reactor, controlling the daily adding amount accounting for 5-8% of the total amount in the reactor, and keeping no discharging in the process; and (4) within 3 SRT time, replacing mixed feeding gradually with pure sludge feeding, thus completing start of the sludge superhigh temperature anaerobic digestion reactor. The gas production rate is recorded every day, and the methane content is tested. When pure sludge is fed, and the methane content reaches more than 50%, the reactor start can be considered smooth. Experiments prove that the method can realize quick start of the sludge superhigh temperature anaerobic digestion system.

The invention provides an automatic enhanced fast start-up quartz oscillator, which is provided with an automatic enhanced circuit. The automatic enhanced circuit detects the voltages on the two sides of the quartz oscillator, adjusts the output enhanced current, rapidly shortens the start-up time and provides a stable current so as to effectively enhance the start-up efficiency and improve the situation of the second-stage current supply.

The invention discloses a secondary constructed wetland treatment system applicable to advanced nitrogen and phosphorus removal of domestic sewage. The building method of the system comprises the following steps: (1) uniformly distributing domestic sewage through a water distribution pipe in a centralized manner, and entering the primary constructed wetland treatment unit which is built by taking volcanic rock as a main filler; the filler of the first-stage constructed wetland treatment unit sequentially comprises 2-4mm ceramsite (with the thickness of 20cm), 4-8mm volcanic rock (with the thickness of H1) and 10-20mm gravel (with the thickness of 30cm) from top to bottom; and (2) the effluent of the primary treatment unit is concentrated and uniformly distributed by a water distribution pipe and enters a secondary artificial wetland treatment unit which takes natural manganese sand as a main filler. And the filler of the secondary artificial wetland treatment unit sequentially comprises 2-4mm ceramsite (with the thickness of 20cm), 4-8mm natural manganese sand (with the thickness of H2) and 10-20mm gravel (with the thickness of 30cm) from top to bottom. After deep nitrogen and phosphorus removal through the two-stage constructed wetland, the nitrogen and phosphorus concentration of the domestic sewage effluent can reach the surface water environment quality standard. The method has the characteristics of ecological economy, efficient and stable treatment effect and the like, and can achieve the purpose of deep phosphorus and nitrogen removal.