The invention provides a water treatment method capable of regulating and controlling rapid start of nitrification effect of a biological membrane, belongs to the technical field of feed water treatment and relates to a method for regulating and controlling rapid start of nitrification effect of a biological membrane by use of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHLs) signal molecules. The invention aims at providing a method for regulating and controlling rapid start of nitrification effect of a biological membrane by use of N-acyl homoserine lactone (AHLs) signal molecules. During an operation process of a bioreactor, the hydraulic retention time is 0.5-2.5h, the dissolved oxygen concentration is higher than 2mg/L, the operation temperature of the bioreactor is 5-30 DEG C, a fluidized bed light suspended filler is utilized as a feed water treatment filler, the initial concentration of exogenous AHLs at the start-up initial stage of the bioreactor is 0.1 mu mol/L-1.0 mu mol/L, the pollutant ammonia concentration of inlet water is less than or equal to 5mg/L, and the total organic carbon concentration is less than or equal to 10mg/L. According to the method, through quickening formation of a biological membrane, the start period of the reactor is shortened, growth of nitrobacteria is regulated and controlled, nitrobacteria is promoted to become dominant microflora, and thus transfer of nitrogen in water is promoted.