The invention provides an excavating, supporting and anchoring combined unit drilling rig attitude adjusting and anchor net laying device and method. The excavating, supporting and anchoring combinedunit drilling rig attitude adjusting and anchor net laying device comprises a base sliding shoe, a supporting upright, a supporting longitudinal beam, an anchor drilling rig, a drilling rig horizontalattitude adjustment component, a drilling rig height and angle attitude adjustment component, an anchor net and an anchor net laying component; the base sliding shoe is positioned behind a tunnelingmachine of an excavating, supporting and anchoring combined unit; the base sliding shoe follows the tunneling machine; the drilling rig horizontal attitude adjustment component is arranged on the upper surface of the base sliding shoe behind the supporting upright; the drilling rig height and angle attitude adjustment component is arranged on the drilling rig horizontal attitude adjustment component; the anchor drilling rig is arranged on the drilling rig height and angle attitude adjustment component; the anchor net laying component is arranged in front of the supporting upright; and the anchor net is positioned on the anchor net laying component. The excavating, supporting and anchoring combined unit drilling rig attitude adjusting and anchor net laying method comprises the steps of pulling the anchor net to a position above the anchor drilling rig, supporting the anchor net by using the supporting upright, adjusting the horizontal position and the swinging angle of the anchor drilling rig, enabling a push plate to extend out, drilling an anchor hole, mounting an anchor rod, fixing the anchor net, enabling the excavating, supporting and anchoring combined unit to integrally moveforwards, automatically releasing the anchor net and supplementing the anchor net to a tunnel roof.