The invention discloses an integral passive broken belt protection device and an integral passive broken belt protection method for a belt conveyor. The device mainly consists of a rack and an upper self-locking wedge block, an upward overturning mechanism, a downward overturning mechanism, a lower self-locking wedge block and an overturning link gear which are arranged on the rack. A belt of the conveyor is controlled by the overturning link gear arranged between the upward and downward overturning mechanisms; when the conveying belt normally operates, the overturning mechanisms are kept balanced under the action of counter weights and a pressing force of the conveying belt; and when the conveying belt is broken, the pressing force of the conveying belt disappears and the balance is broken, and thus, a counter weight plate and a counter weight block are deflected to generate the torque to enable the upward and downward overturning mechanisms to be respectively self-locked with the upper and lower self-locking wedge blocks, so that the broken belt is clamped and braked. The integral passive broken belt protection device has a simple structure, is convenient to use, has high response speed, is simple to reset, is reliable to capture, is convenient to maintain, is particularly suitable for integral binding cloth of the rubber belt of the mine underground belt conveyor and is also suitable for other belt conveyors.