The invention discloses a floating oscillating water column type wave energy power generation device with an air energy accumulator. The floating oscillating water column type wave energy power generation device comprises an oscillating water column module, a buoyancy cabin, an air inlet valve rectification module, an air outlet valve rectification module, an air energy storage and pressure stabilization module, a turbine generator set, an anchoring system and the like, wherein the oscillating water column module comprises an L-shaped pipeline and an air chamber, the buoyancy cabin is located above the L-shaped pipeline, the buoyancy cabin and the L-shaped pipeline are closely combined into a whole floating body, the air inlet valve rectification module and the exhaust valve rectification module comprises an air inlet valve with a large cross section area and an exhaust valve with a small cross section area, the energy storage and pressure stabilization module can be composed of a low-pressure storage tank, a medium-pressure storage tank and a high-pressure storage tank which are connected through an one-way valve and a throttling control valve, the turbine generator set comprises a one-way impulse type air turbine and a generator, and the mooring system comprises an anchor, an anchor chain and a windlass. According to the power generation device, a single-floating-body structural design is adopted, reliability is good, adaptability is high, commercialized production and application are facilitated through modularization, and the power generation stability and the power generation efficiency can be improved through the air energy accumulator.