The invention discloses a self-reset single-side bolt fastener system suitable for the field of civil engineering. The self-reset single-side bolt fastener system comprises four split machine machining gaskets, a cheese bolt, a nut, a sleeve, a washer, a shape memory alloy flat ring and the like. The cheese bolt and the four split machine machining gaskets are located and mounted through an operation rod and an operation top hook. During mounting, the four split machine machining gaskets and the shape memory alloy flat ring are firstly assembled into an extrudable combined gasket, then the extrudable combined gasket, the sleeve, the washer and the nut are sequentially arranged in the operation rod in a sleeved manner, then the operation rod is screwed into a locating screw whole of a wobbler at the end of the cheese bolt, the combined gasket is extruded into an oval shape and is plugged into a bolt hole, and then the extrudable combined gasket is pushed into the bolt hole through the operation top hook; and the combined gasket can achieve springback under the action of the self-reset effect of a shape memory alloy, and the circular shape is restored. The operation rod is pulled back, a protrusion in the combined gasket is clamped into the surface of the inner side of the bolt hole, finally, the sleeve, the washer and the nut are mounted, the nut is screwed preliminarily, the operation rod is dismounted down, the wobbler is screwed off by an electric torque wrench, and final screwing is completed. According to the self-reset single-side bolt fastener system, single-side operation can be achieved, connecting and fastening of structural components can be completed, and application of pretightening force can be achieved.