A device for real-time shutdown protection of high-voltage fast pulse signals, the pulse signal generator (1) generates a control signal for high-voltage fast pulse generation, controls the pulse power supply (2) to generate high-voltage fast pulses, and acts on the experimental chamber (3) , the discharge current of the experimental cavity (3) is introduced into the current measurement sensor (4), and the voltage signal on the current measurement sensor (4) is connected to a measurement channel of the digital oscilloscope (5), as the trigger source of the oscilloscope, a suitable trigger level. Once the medium breaks down, the discharge current is too large, and the voltage signal on the current measurement sensor (4) is enough to trigger the oscilloscope (5), then the trigger feedback port of the oscilloscope (5) will immediately output a TTL logic signal, which passes through the signal The conversion circuit (6) performs processing, outputs a signal conforming to the shutdown signal interface standard of the pulse signal generator, and turns it off, thereby playing a protective role. The time delay of the present invention can be controlled within 10 μs.