The invention discloses an inter-satellite network broadcast communication high-throughput network coding and transmission method. The method comprises the steps of S1, if current time is not a sending time slot of a satellite, indicating that the satellite is in a receiving state and initializing a forwarding counter C for each frame of data locally, wherein the C is an element of a set {1, 2, 3,...}; S2, for the received frame of which forwarding counter is not 0 in the sending time slot, generating a coding packet based on all data by taking a frame as a unit through random linear network coding, and forwarding the coding packet and the current frame of data; S3, for the frame forwarded in the sending time slot, subtracting 1 by the corresponding counter; S4, carrying out linear equations calculation on the received same frame of data, thereby obtaining a complete frame of data; and S5 finishing the method. According to the method, the problem that according to a traditional flooding protocol, the network throughput is reduced due to the fact a great number of redundant data packets are sent is solved, the fact that the traditional flooding protocol is characterized in no feedback link and simple protocol is maintained, and direct upgrading can be carried out based on software of the traditional flooding protocol.