The invention discloses an asphalt mixture loading system and control method based on machine vision. The system includes a van loading room, a material door mechanism, a vehicle moving platform and a machine vision control system. The vehicle moving platform includes a crawler flat plate , a longitudinal beam support, a roller mechanism and a roller driving mechanism, the machine vision control system includes a control module, an illumination device, a rotary encoder and a pressure sensor, as well as a video camera and a photoelectric sensor; the control method includes: step 1, asphalt mixture loading Preparations before the vehicle; Step 2, setting the loading parameters of the asphalt mixture; Step 3, fast flat loading; Step 4, precise flat loading; Step 5, pouring out the loading vehicle and recycling the material. The invention has the advantages of reasonable design, simple operation and good use effect, real-time control of the loading process of the asphalt mixture, realizing automatic flat loading of the asphalt mixture, effectively reducing the loading segregation of the asphalt mixture, and reducing environmental pollution.