The invention discloses a vertical shaft-coupling throw searching technique for a large-scale water turbine, and the technique comprises the steps: enabling a water turbine and a generator water turbine shaft (1) to achieve the vertical shaft coupling with a generator shaft (2), and adjusting the concentricity through a vertical method, thereby reducing the deflection, caused by a horizontal type,of the shaft, and improving the alignment precision; employing a counter point uniform distribution steel wire suspending method, precisely measuring the concentricity, and eliminating the system deviation through counter point measurement, thereby improving the precision; and reasonably setting an adjustment device at the external periphery of a shaft coupling flange surface. The technique doesnot occupy equipment, is simple in operation, is reliable in precision, overcomes a difficulty in the vertical adjustment after the shaft coupling of the generator water turbine shaft (1) and the generator shaft (2), improves the adjustment efficiency and precision, is novel, reasonable and simple, enables the machining quality to be controllable, and is high in precision.