The invention discloses a positioning device for ship docking and pier falling, and relates to the field of ship building. The positioning device comprises a dock bottom, a longitudinal wall is arranged at the top end of the dock bottom, side walls are arranged on the two sides of the longitudinal wall, hydraulic cylinders are installed in the side walls, the output ends of the hydraulic cylinders are connected with a moving plate, a first protection pad is arranged on one side of the movable plate, a winch is installed at the top end of the longitudinal wall, a prompt stop block is arranged at the position, located on one side of the longitudinal wall, of the top end of the dock bottom, and a second protection pad is arranged on one side of the prompt stop block. Through the arrangement of the dock bottom, the longitudinal wall, the side walls, the hydraulic cylinders, the moving plate and the first protection pad, the multiple sets of hydraulic cylinders are installed on the side walls, when the multiple sets of hydraulic cylinders are started, a ship can be pushed inwards from the two sides, the ship is kept in the middle of the top end of the dock bottom and located above a stone pier, transverse positioning is convenient and fast, and debugging times are reduced.