A lithium battery energy storage system battery box includes a box, threaded shank, Fixed frame, worm, rotary handle, fixing plate, cooling clamping mechanism, splint, spring, aluminium base plate, first fin, Cover, fan and fan switch, the front side wall of the box body is evenly provided with a ventilation groove, the front and rear sides of the box body are respectively provided with threaded rods, the right end of the threaded rod is rotatably connected with the right side wall of the box body, the left end of the threaded rod penetrates the left side wall of the box body, the left end ofthe threaded rod is provided with a worm wheel, The left side of the worm wheel is provided with a fixing frame, the fixing frame is fixed on the left side wall of the box body, a worm is arranged above the worm wheel, and the worm is meshed with the worm wheel. The invention is convenient to disassemble and assemble. The battery box can fix and efficiently radiate lithium batteries with differentsizes, effectively reduces the risk of excessively high temperature of the energy storage system, and has strong applicability.