The invention discloses an LBT mechanism which synchronously takes an uplink and a downlink into consideration in an LAA
system. The mechanism comprises following steps: designing uplink and downlink burst structures, designing a CCA (Clear
Channel Assessment) detection time window, designing a channel reserved
signal and designing a channel access process, wherein with respect to the step of designing the uplink and downlink burst structures, a piece of UE or an eNB each time can transmit data only in one or several sub-frames in uplink or downlink burst, specifically, it is determined by a channel access moment, the quantity of to-be-transmitted data and the maximum number of sub-frames allowed to be sent; with respect to the step of designing the CCA detection time window, different detection
time windows are adopted by the uplink and the downlink; with respect to the step of designing the channel reserved
signal, the step is only used for the downlink, the channel reserved
signal is designed by taking a CRS as the basis according to the symbol cycle of the OFDM; with respect to the step of designing the channel access process, with respect to the uplink, a channel access process with a self-adaptive backspacing function is adopted; and with respect to the downlink, a channel access process without a function is adopted. The scheme of the invention is applicable to various TDD frame structures and can coexist with unauthorized frequency bands in a WIFI
system friendly; and moreover, relatively high channel utilization efficiency can be obtained.