30 results about "Watershed scale" patented technology

The invention provides a method for assimilating remote sensing data of soil humidity in a watershed scale. The method comprises the following steps of: improving a watershed runoff producing calculation module and developing a distributed hydrological model which is suitable for assimilating remote sensing soil humidity information and describes a soil hydrodynamic process; introducing a particle filtering sequence data assimilation method of information science, and continuously merging and assimilating new remote sensing observation data in a dynamic operation process of distributed hydrological process numerical simulation so as to acquire updated watershed soil humidity assimilated data during sequential assimilation; feeding the updated watershed soil humidity assimilated data back to a distributed hydrological model platform; and gradually estimating the time and space distribution pattern of watershed soil moisture content. Practices prove that by the method, not only high-precision and physically consistent watershed soil humidity data can be provided for research on hydrology, zoology, environment and agriculture, but also the foundation is laid for performing four-dimensional data assimilation processing on soil humidity data of an upper soil layer acquired by using remote sensing retrieval, and improving the precision of the model.

A downscaling method for a soil water content product is disclosed. The method includes A) acquiring passive microwave soil water content products of a region to be researched and optical remote sensing data at the same time, B) subjecting the optical remote sensing data to soil spectrum extraction based on a multiple endmember spectral mixture analysis process, C) building a model of a quantitative relation between soil spectrum reflection characteristics and soil water contents acquired from the passive microwave soil water content products by utilizing GA-PLS, and D) based on the model of the quantitative relation, building a soil water content downscaling model by utilizing the Taylor series expansion and acquiring soil water content data having a high spatial resolution. Advantages of passive microwave remote sensing data and optical remote sensing data on the temporal-spatial resolution are utilized in the method, and the passive microwave remote sensing data and the optical remote sensing data are effectively combined to acquire the soil water content data having the high spatial resolution, and therefore large-scale watershed scale region researching can be met, real-time or quasi real-time dynamic monitoring on watershed scale soil water contents is achieved, accuracy is high, building is easy and time and labor are saved.

The invention relates to a determination method for the maximum allowable input quantity of a nitrorgenous fertilizer in a watershed scale. The method comprises the following steps: (1) selecting a typical research region; (2) constructing a model of non-point source pollution of the typical research region and carrying out simulation verification; (3) establishing a response relationship between the input quantity of the nitrorgenous fertilizer and the output concentration of the nitrorgenous fertilizer; (4) affirmatively ensuring a safe total nitrogen concentration limiting value of quality of surface water in a target research region according to environmental planning and environmental partitioning water quality demands of the target research region; and (5) determining the maximum allowable input quantity of the nitrorgenous fertilizer of the target research region. The method provided by the invention has a very good application prospect in the technical field of prevention and control management of agricultural non-point source pollution in the watershed scale.

The invention discloses a watershed scale vegetation net primary productivity remote sensing fine inversion method. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a vegetation type distribution diagram, remote sensing image data and site meteorological data of a measured area; interpreting the vegetation type distribution diagram; calculating the remote sensing image data to obtain normalized vegetation index time sequence data; carrying out spatial interpolation on the station meteorological data to obtain raster data with the same resolution as the normalized vegetation index time sequence data; improving the resolution of the data by using a fully constrained least square mixed pixel decomposition and sub-pixel spatial gravitation model; configuring static parameters; and using the improved NPP estimation model to invert the vegetation net primary productivity NPP. On the basis of existing low-resolution remote sensing data, the method for improving the product resolution by means of sub-pixel mapping is provided, the vegetation net primary productivity is accurately estimated, the estimation precision of the net primary productivity is improved, and remote sensing fine inversion of the vegetation net primary productivity in the watershed scale is achieved.

The invention discloses a method for determining watershed scale individual rainfall sediment sources. According to the method, the distance between a watershed scale sediment source and sediment and the weight of the distance are calculated by use of a discriminant analysis method, and the relative contribution rate of the watershed scale individual rainfall sediment source is calculated by use of the inverse relation of the distance and the contribution rate. The method is more reliable than a traditional mixed model and can be relatively slightly affected by the number of the sediment sources; the spatial sediment generation law of individual rainfalls can be studied and the contribution rates of the sediment sources different in rainfall intensity can be calculated; as a result, the limitation of the number of the sediment sources to the mixed model can be solved and the false numerical solution of the calculation result of the mixed model can be avoided.

The invention relates to a southern red soil area small watershed water and soil conservation ecological service function optimization method. The watershed is divided into different management units;each management unit can configure several possible water conservation measures, potential water conservation measure space configuration scenes of a drainage basin are randomly generated through anoptimization algorithm, each scene is evaluated through an ecological service evaluation model, and along with iterative computation of the optimization algorithm, a water conservation measure space configuration scheme with the optimal ecological service function is provided for a decision maker. The method has the beneficial effects that the global optimization capability of a genetic algorithmcan be fully utilized, the existing comprehensive water and soil conservation control mode of the red soil area in the south is combined in the small watershed scale, water and soil conservation ecological service function optimization is carried out according to local conditions, and beneficial technical support is provided for water and soil work.

The invention discloses a method for quickly processing a non-point source pollution emission inventory and relates to the technical field of watershed pollution prevention and control. According to the method, non-point source pollution data is standardized into a watershed scale, difference between data generated by pollution in a north area and a south area, as well as difference between data generated by seasonal pollution are comprehensively considered, the compiling efficiency and the scientificity of a pollution source emission inventory are improved, and the emission reduction measures and the emission reduction benefit of the non-point source pollution are analyzed by a technical method, so the method has wide application prospect in the aspects of total quantity control, energy conservation and emission reduction when being applied to the watershed pollution prevention and control.

The invention discloses a determination method for a water ecological factor safety threshold under a watershed scale. The method comprises the steps that (1) a dynamic monitoring subsystem collects index data required in mathematic model building and performs data input and update operations; (2) a safety evaluation subsystem performs ecological safety evaluation on ecological safety of a to-be-evaluated region; (3) a warning condition forecast subsystem performs ecological safety early warning on the to-be-evaluated region; (4) an ecological safety early warning level determination system performs ecological safety early warning level determination; and (5) a decision-making management subsystem performs grading on the ecological safety of the to-be-evaluated region, performs summarization on the index data, and gives out decision-making and planning opinions in combination with economic and social development conditions of the to-be-evaluated region. According to the method, visualapplication of ecological safety evaluation is supplemented; and according to reasonable analysis prediction, wetland resources are reasonably developed and utilized, so that an ecological service function of a wetland protection system is better protected.

The invention relates to a watershed-scale hydrological nonconformity diagnosis method. The method includes the following steps that: a watershed non-uniform indicator system is built; nonconformity diagnosis is performed on single indicator sequences; and watershed hydrological nonconformity quantitative diagnosis is performed. According to the method, the indicator sequences representing the developmental characteristics of hydrological processes are screened out, and the indicator sequences are classified and combined according to an indicator-element-target level; whether the sequences are in trend variation states or jump variation states can be judged on the whole; after nonconformity diagnosis is performed on each single indicator sequence, comprehensive nonconformity diagnosis is performed on each indicator, and therefore, defects in corresponding aspects in the prior art can be avoided; and nonconformity judgment is performed on the plurality of indicators with the same standard, and therefore, theoretical support can be provided for a plurality of kinds of application, such as water resource diagnosis, reservoir dispatching, water conservancy engineering design, flood control and fight against drought.

The invention discloses a method and a system for constructing a soil moisture downscaling factor model based on TVDI, wherein, the method comprises the following steps: obtaining SMAP data, PROBA-V data and MODIS data; processing the obtained SMAP data, PROBA-V data and MODIS data to obtain uniform spatial resolution SMAP data, PROBA-V data and MODIS data; according to the SMAP data of unified spatial resolution, PROBA-V data and MODIS data, constructing the soil moisture downscaling factor model, and obtaining the soil moisture downscaling factor model. In the embodiment of the invention, the soil moisture downscaling factor model constructed by the embodiment of the invention can effectively improve the resolution of the soil moisture data product, so as to satisfy the scale data underthe watershed scale study.

The invention discloses a large-watershed scale water nitrogen migration coupling simulation method. The method comprises the steps of S1 according to a surface hydrological process and in combination with the total amount of surface nitrogen, respectively calculating dissolved nitrogen components which are lost along with surface runoff, infiltrated into soil and stored in surface depression due to nitrogen settlement and fertilization settlement to the surface; S2 on the basis of the hydrological process of the soil, calculating a source convergence item, and calculating the nitrogen concentration of each layer of the soil by using a convective dispersion equation according to the source convergence item; S3 according to the hydrological process of the underground water, calculating the nitrogen concentration of the underground water by using a mass conservation equation; S4 according to the hydrological process of the slope surface ditch, calculating the nitrogen concentration in the slope surface ditch by using a convective dispersion equation; and S5 according to the hydrological process of the river channel, calculating the nitrogen concentration of the river channel section by using the convective dispersion equation. The method has the advantages that the accuracy of hydrological process simulation is improved, and the river section flow and the concentration of pollutant nitrogen in the frozen soil melting period can be well simulated.

The invention relates to a watershed scale water volume and water quality automatic regulation and control method and device, a storage medium and electronic equipment. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a watershed SWAT model, verifying model parameters of the watershed SWAT model, obtaining the verified watershed SWAT model, and obtaining meteorological data of a target area predicted by an atmospheric circulation mode in a target time period; and obtaining target water quantity and water quality of the target area in the target time period, inputting meteorological data into the verified watershed SWAT model, and obtaining the water quantity and water quality of the target area in the target time period. And a non-dominated sorting genetic method with an elitist strategy is adopted to adjust the water quantity and water quality regulation measure parameters of the optimal management measure in the verified watershed SWAT model until the deviation between the water quantity and water quality of the target time period and the target water quantity and water quality is within a preset threshold range, and the water quantity and water quality regulation measure of the target area is obtained. The labor cost is reduced, and the efficiency and precision of water quantity and water quality regulation and control are improved.

The invention discloses a river ecological quality evaluation method based on a remote sensing technology, which comprises four index units including a habitat quality index, a water quality inversion index, a landscape structure index and a biodiversity index, and each index unit is provided with different index factors. By means of remote sensing interpretation, quantitative inversion and Fragstats calculation, weights are given to 13 index factors under the four index units according to an analytic hierarchy process, overlay analysis is carried out, a the river ecological quality index is obtained. The evaluation method covers 13 index factors in the aspects of physical and chemical parameters, physical habitat and biocenosis of the water body, and can perform more refined evaluation on the river ecological quality by taking the pixel as a unit under the limitation of the watershed scale.

The invention provides a watershed scale river physical habitat evaluation method, system, medium and device. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a watershed scale river physical habitat evaluation standard system; calculating river landform data and river network water system structure data based on the river basin scale river physical habitat evaluation standard system to obtain a calculation result; generating a river habitat index evaluation standard based on the calculation result; and evaluating the watershed scale physical habitat by using the entropy weight matter-element model. The basin scale river physical habitat evaluation method, system, medium and device are used for guiding and evaluating the evaluation and recovery work of the basin scale river physical habitat.

The invention discloses a water storage amount time-space change and water amount balance monitoring method of a peat swamp, and the method is mainly applied to the technical field of field measurement of the environment engineering, the plateau wetland and the peat swamp. The method mainly solves the problem that various groundwater hydrological elements in a peat layer of the plateau wetland cannot be subjected to field measurement for a long time. The main technical means is characterized in that through five types of point positions, arrangement sequence, arrangement method and monitoringdata of the five types of point positions, specifically, the five types of point positions are peat layer thickness detection points (1), underground water head observation points (2), sets of underground water change trend line observation points (3), self-recording water level gauge arrangement points (4) and penetration points (5), the field monitoring method which is adaptive to the water storage amount space-time change and water amount balance of the peat swamp is provided, and therefore all-directional monitoring of the change of the groundwater water storage capacity of the peat swampin a small watershed scale is realized.

The invention discloses a small watershed water and soil conservation vegetation buffer zone optimization method and system. A multi-objective decision framework of VBS optimization design under a watershed scale is established based on an ecological environment influence evaluation sub-objective function and an economic benefit evaluation sub-objective function. According to the framework, a multi-objective function is optimized, and the most appropriate scheme is selected from a large number of possible solutions to design the basin VBS. According to the system, factors such as climatic characteristics, terrains and soil of the small watershed are considered, VBS optimization design is carried out on the small watershed of the Peiqiao river, sediment transport, nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient loads and the implementation/maintenance cost of VBS are minimized, agricultural production benefits are maximized, and watershed environment quality protection with cost benefits can be provided.

The invention discloses a remote-sensing-based watershed vegetation ecological system dry season water consumption estimation method. The method comprises the following steps of data obtaining, wherein daily average rainfall, daily average snow cap thickness, normalized differential vegetation index ten-day value and daily average runoff data of a target watershed within at least one year and longitudes and latitudes of a study area are obtained; data division and format unification, wherein data format unification is performed on the five kinds of obtained data, and the data coverage range is converted into the study area; watershed vegetation dry season water consumption obtained through a graphing method. The vegetation ecological system dry season water consumption can be calculated through the watershed scale, and an existing gap is filled up.

The invention discloses a spatial scale selection method and device for mass-occurring landslide, and the method comprises the steps: employing a high-precision digital elevation model and landslide spatial data, employing an ArcGIS spatial correlation analysis method, employing the indexes of geographic position expression degree, information expression degree and spatial correlation degree, taking a small watershed with clear physical significance as a basic unit, analyzing a relation curve between indexes and numerical values, and determining the small watershed scale most suitable for mass-occurring landslide analysis, and therefore, the method can be widely applied to aspects of landslide space information extraction, risk assessment, disaster early warning and forecasting, disaster prevention and control and the like and has important theoretical and practical significance.

The invention discloses a method for improving basin and river generation precision, which combines topographic data with a water flow direction calculation method on the basis of not changing the water flow direction, thereby improving the river basin and river generation precision. According to the method, a water surface is extracted through digital elevation data and remote sensing, river channel data, sub-basin data and water outlet point data are obtained by using a corresponding tool of an ArcSWAT plug-in, and selective river channel depression generation is carried out on regional topographic data; In addition, a hydrological model supported by an existing geographic information system is combined, so that the accuracy of the river basin and the river generation is remarkably improved. The method provides data support for subsequent quantitative simulation of the hydrological model and landscape pattern analysis based on the watershed scale.