The invention discloses a composite fertilizer suitable for a shrimp culturing paddy field and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of chemical fertilizer preparation. Thefertilizer comprises a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium basic fertilizer, according to the composite fertilizer, the content of slow-dissolved nitrogen takes up 10% or above of the total nitrogen, soluble silica takes up 0.05% or above, soluble magnesium takes up 0.05% or above, biological activated calcium takes up 0.5% or above, and polymeric phosphorus takes up 20% or above of total phosphorus mass. The composite fertilizer has the advantages that nutritious ingredients can be slowly released, long-term effect is achieved after base application, topdressing times can be reduced, water body quality can be stabilized, labor intensity can be relieved, the loss of nutritious components is reduced, the fertilizer utilization rate is improved, the growing of rice is promoted by abundant medium or micro elements to improve the stress resistance of lodging resistance, disease resistance and the like of rice, the yield and income are increased, crayfish disease resisting and encroaching resistance are improved, the growing of crayfish is accelerated, so that the crayfish has large size, and labor force is saved while paddy field ecological environmental is protected.