The invention discloses a motor control device of an amphibious robot. The control device is connected with a master control computer via a bus module and utilizes an ARM microprocessor as a control core, the ARM microprocessor is connected with a CAN transceiver via a first isolator and is connected with an RS485 transceiver via a second isolator, a CAN bus is connected with the CAN transceiver, an RS-485 bus is connected with the RS485 transceiver, the I/O port of the microprocessor is connected with a first motor and a second motor via a first motor driver and a second motor driver and is connected with the first motor driver and the second motor driver through analog-to-digital output conversion modules, the first motor is connected with the ARM microprocessor via a rotating potentiometer, and the second motor is connected with a decoding chip module via a rotary transformer. The invention has an easily replaced interface with good generality, small volume, flexible arrangement, easy installation, clear structure, convenient debugging, low cost, high reliability and capability of realizing fault diagnosis.