The invention relates to the work of oil recovery operations of oilfields, in particular to a signal transmission method for a downhole measurement and control system. The signal transmission is achieved through carrying out close connection and sealing on cable cores, a pressing cap, a wire pipe, a spacing ring, a sealing ring, a cable, an oil tube, a guard plate, a rubber protection block, screws, a coupling, an oil tube short joint, a connecting plate, a pressure plate, a sensor, a guard pipe and a steel belt throat hoop; and according to the signal transmission method, the cable or an outer armor of a capillary tube is adopted to be closely connected with the oil tube and serve as a ground wire for signal transmission, and the single-core signal transmission is achieved; the cable is fixed with the sensor by adopting the connecting plate and the back plate which are provided with unique designs, and the cable is fixed with the oil tube by adopting a guard plate assembly and a steel belt, so that the fixation of the cable is achieved; and the sealing of a wellhead is achieved by adopting a wire pipe sealing method with a unique design.