The invention provides a solar multi-conjugate adaptive optical
system. The solar multi-conjugate adaptive optical
system comprises a lower atmospheric wave front sensor, a middle and upper atmospheric wave front sensor, a lower atmospheric wave front corrector, a middle and upper atmospheric wave front corrector, a wave front controller, an optical
relay system, an imaging subsystem and other necessary optical components. The system has the advantages that sunspots or grain structures on the surface of the sun are taken as beacons and wave front detection is conducted on multiple areas at the same time, so as to obtain wave front
distortion caused by turbulence in a large field range; wave front aberration caused by different turbulent
layers is calculated by utilizing a
tomography algorithm; and at last, the wave front correctors positioned in conjugate positions of the corresponding turbulent
layers are controlled to correct the atmospheric turbulence in a layered manner, so as to finally realize high-resolution imaging in the large field range. The solar multi-conjugate adaptive optical system has the advantages that the sequence of the conjugate positions of the high and the lower turbulent
layers is adjusted through the optical
relay system, so that the lower turbulent layer is firstly compensated and corrected and the accuracy of the detection and the correction is increased; and due to the use of the
tomography algorithm, errors caused by the
coupling of the wave front aberrations of the different turbulent layers are reduced.