A laser beam optical fiber transmission device of a laser sodium guide star technology is characterized in that: the device uses a cylindrical multimode optical fiber for producing a conical shape by adopting the melt-pulling method for pulling, then a table is formed by grinding, the device comprises: a cylindrical multimode optical fiber part and a conical table optical fiber part, the conical table optical fiber part is formed at the tail end of the cylindrical multimode optical fiber by direct processing, the other end of the cylindrical multimode optical fiber is an input end of a laser beam, the other end of the conical table optical fiber is an output end of the laser beam, the length of the cylindrical multimode optical fiber is equal to 1 to 1.2 times of the distance from a laser to a transmitting telescope; the radius of a fiber core of the conical table optical fiber which is arranged at the thick end is equal to the radius of the fiber core of the cylindrical multimode optical fiber, and the radius of the fiber core of the conical table optical fiber which is arranged at the thin end meets the single-mode condition for transmitting the laser by the optical fiber. The optical fiber transmission device has the advantages of simple and flexible structure and low cost, the quality of the output light beam is close to the diffraction limit, at the same time, the optical fiber transmission device can effectively overcome the non-linear scattering and other effects during the optical fiber transmission, thus achieving the purpose of transmitting the higher laser power.