A light-cone-based forward scatter dust instrument optical system includes a window, an anti-collision sleeve, a connection piece, a rotary rod, an elastic sleeve, an elastic band, an embedding groove, a coating layer I, a cladding layer I, a buffer zone I, a fiber core I, a lower plate, a connecting rod, an upper plate, a coating layer II, a sealing sleeve, a cladding layer II, a buffer zone II and a fiber core II, the window is nested in the embedding groove, the inner side of the anti-collision sleeve is attached to the window, the anti-collision sleeve and the elastic band are connected by the connection piece, the elastic sleeve and the elastic band are connected, the rotary rod is arranged at the center of the elastic sleeve, the lower plate is arranged on the outer surface of the coating layer I, one end of the connecting rod is connected with the lower plate, the other end of the connecting rod passes through the upper plate, and is in nested connection with the upper plate, the cladding layers are arranged in the coating layers, the buffer zones are arranged on the outer surface of the cladding layers, and the fiber cores are arranged in the cladding layers. The beneficial effects are that: (1) the light-cone-based forward scatter dust instrument optical system facilitates collection of much scattering measuring light; (2) the light-cone-based forward scatter dust instrument optical system can ensure the accuracy of monitoring, and has high energy transmission efficiency and small losses; and (3) the light-cone-based forward scatter dust instrument optical system has shock and impact resistance.