The invention relates to the technical field of ships, and discloses a passenger cabin deck structure and a ship. The passenger cabin deck structure comprises a steel deck, a ceiling and a rock wool board, and no fireproof layer is arranged on the steel deck; the ceiling is arranged below the steel deck; and the rock wool board is arranged on the side, close to the steel deck, of the ceiling, a preset distance is formed between the rock wool board and the steel deck, and an air layer is arranged within the preset distance. The fireproof layer arranged on a steel deck in the prior art is omitted, the fireproof layer cost and the labor cost are reduced, and the weight and the work amount of the steel deck are reduced; and the ceiling is arranged below the steel deck, the rock wool board is arranged above the ceiling, and the rock wool board and the steel deck are arranged at the preset interval, so that it is guaranteed that the rock wool board and the air layer have the good fireproof effect, meanwhile, the ceiling is easy to lay, the rock wool board only needs to be placed on the ceiling, construction operation is easy, and construction cost is low. The labor cost is saved, and meanwhile the shipbuilding period can be guaranteed.