The invention belongs to the field of production of lithium ion batteries, in particular to a production process of a waterborne positive lithium ion battery. The production process comprises the following steps of: preparing an anode and a cathode, coating on the anode and the cathode, flaking, baking, preparing an electric core, testing short circuit, baking, putting a lower spacer into a shell, welding a bottom, putting an upper spacer and folding a positive lug, rolling a slot and testing short circuit; and injecting liquid, wiping the positive lug, welding the positive lug with a cover plate, folding the cover plate for covering, sealing, cleaning, standing, performing formation, standing and performing capacity grading. The anode comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100 parts of lithium iron phosphate, 3-4 parts of super conductive carbon black, 2-3 parts of conductive graphite, 3.5-4 parts of waterborne adhesive, 2.5-3 parts of NMP (N-methylpyrrolidone) and 80-85 parts of deionized water and is prepared by the following steps of: mixing the waterborne adhesive, the NMP and the deionized water; adding other raw materials; and stirring to obtain anode slurry. Compared with the conventional oily process of the lithium ion battery, the production process has the advantages of low energy consumption, high production efficiency, low product cost and the like.