The invention relates to a direct sound production test device of a large-proportion propeller model, and belongs to the technical field of underwater vehicle propeller noise control. The device comprises two-way tensioning drag equipment, a water-surface unpowered ship, data acquisition equipment, a power cable, control and data processing equipment, a hydrophone array, the propeller model, a main shaft system, a non-watertight shell, a watertight shell, a sensor, a supporting part, a rigid connecting part and a motor. Water-surface unpowered chip parameters, main shaft system parameters, motor parameters and two-way tensioning drag equipment parameters are determined according to the needed maximum thrust, dimension, weight, power and rotating speed of the propeller model; when the propeller model is not installed, the noise of a system is tested; a clutch is disconnected, and the no-load noise of the motor is tested; the test device is rectified according to the test result till test demands are met. The test device is good in test result repeatability, short in test period and low in cost.