The invention discloses a surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor sensorless segmented delay compensation strategy, which specifically comprises the following steps of: when the fundamental frequency of a motor is less than 47Hz, carrying out PI (Proportional-Integral) regulation on a predicted q-axis voltage error by using carrier modulation, and then eliminating the influence of total time delay of a system by compensating the conduction time of an IGBT (Insulated Gate Bipolar Translator); and after the fundamental wave frequency is greater than 47Hz, along with the increase of the rotating speed, adopting a SHEPWM + square wave modulation mode, and elimiating the delay effect by predicting a voltage vector angle, modulating the depth and estimating the rotor position. The invention provides a system delay segmentation compensation strategy aiming at the sensorless driving of the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor under hybrid pulse width modulation, meanwhile, a high-frequency square wave voltage signal injection method is adopted at zero low speed, a nonsingular terminal sliding-mode observer is adopted at medium high speed, the non-singular terminal sliding-mode observer is adopted at low speed, the influence of system delay on position sensorless control can be eliminated in the full-speed domain, and the control performance is improved.