The invention provides a method and a device for attenuating interbed multiples during the process of processing marine seismic data. The method comprises the following steps of preprocessing original seismic records to obtain preprocessed seismic records PPR (x, z0; t); overlapping the dynamically-corrected seismic records and obtaining the location of a strong reflecting interface L in which the interbed multiples are generated on the overlapped section; picking up primary reflection waves generated by the interface L from the dynamically-corrected seismic records, and correcting the primary reflection waves inversely and dynamically to obtain a second wave field item P2 (x, z0; t); deleting a reflected wave field above the interface L from the dynamically-corrected seismic records according to the location of the interface L, and carrying out inverse dynamic correction to obtain a first wave field item P1 (x, z0; t); setting a third wave field item P3 (x, z0; t) to be equal to the first wave field item; carrying out calculation according to the first wave field item P1 (x, z0; w), the second wave field item P2 (x, z0; w) and the third wave field item P3 (x, z0; w) to obtain the interbed multiples PLM (x, z0; w) relevant with the interface L; and attenuating the interbed multiples PLM (x, z0; t) of a time domain from the preprocessed seismic records PPR (x, z0; t) to obtain the records PME (x, z0; t) of the attenuated interbed multiples. By the adoption of the method and the device for attenuating the interbed multiples during the process of the processing marine seismic data, as the interbed multiples are predicted and attenuated only through data driving, independent of the precision of a velocity field, the processing quality of the marine seismic data is improved.