The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for treating acute kidney injury, wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises stem cells and a platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) release liquid, the stem cells are embryonic stem cells, adult stem cells or induced pluripotent stem cells, and the platelet-rich fibrin release liquid at least contains a growth factor selected from Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-[beta]1), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP), Platelet factor 4 (PF4), Interleukin (IL), Epidermal growth factor (EGF), Fibroblast growth factor (FGF), Nerve growth factor (NGF), and Insulin-like growth factor (IGF).