70 results about "Tunneling length" patented technology

An endograft for a vessel having a vascular branch extending from the vessel is provided. The endograft includes a main body having a wall separating interior and exterior surfaces and adapted to be inserted within the vessel. The main body is characterized by a single proximal opening and a single terminal opening and at least one aperture extending through the wall. At least one stent is secured to the main body that upon expansion pressure fits the main body into the vessel. An open tunnel is secured to the interior surface of the main body around the main body aperture and secured somewhere along the tunnel length to provide fluid communication between the interior and exterior surfaces of the main body through the aperture and with the vascular branch in proximity to the main body aperture. The tunnel is readily formed independent of an expandable stent. Through the addition of further apertures and tunnels, an endograft is well suited for revascularizing the superior mesenteric artery and renal arteries for the treatment of a suprarenal aortic aneurysm. The insertion of a sleeve positioned partly within the tunnel and extending beyond the exterior surface of the main body into the vascular branch assures continued fluid flow to the vascular branch.

An endograft for a vessel having a vascular branch extending from the vessel is provided. The endograft includes a main body having a wall separating interior and exterior surfaces and adapted to be inserted within the vessel. The main body is characterized by a single proximal opening and two distal openings and at least one aperture extending through the wall. At least one stent is secured to the main body that upon expansion pressure fits the main body into the vessel. An open tunnel is secured to the interior surface of the main body around the main body aperture and secured somewhere along the tunnel length to provide fluid communication between the interior and exterior surfaces of the main body through the aperture and with the vascular branch in proximity to the main body aperture. The tunnel is readily formed independent of an expandable stent. Through the addition of further apertures and tunnels, an endograft is well suited for revascularizing the celiac, superior mesenteric artery and renal arteries for the treatment of a suprarenal aortic aneurysm. The insertion of a sleeve positioned partly within the tunnel and extending beyond the exterior surface of the main body into the vascular branch assures continued fluid flow to the vascular branch. The two distal openings are adapted to engage the iliac arteries.

The invention belongs to the technical field of lighting equipment in a tunnel, and relates to an automatic control method for tunnel LED lighting based on an intelligent expert illuminance curve. The method comprises the following steps: 1) detecting brightness outside the tunnel to obtain a brightness value outside the tunnel, and compensating the brightness value to obtain the brightness at an inlet section; 2) dividing transition sections, and setting an initial brightness reference value of each section based on the brightness at the inlet section; 3) establishing an expert database, reasoning input information such as tunnel length, tunnel height, the brightness outside the tunnel, running speed, traffic flow and traffic modes, and adjusting the corresponding brightness reference value of each section; 4) carrying out smooth processing on brightness distribution of the transition sections; 5) generating a complete dynamic brightness demand curve; and 6) realizing brightness feedback adjustment on the overall LED tunnel lamps according to the brightness demand curve and part of brightness detection values in the tunnel. The automatic control method of the invention can prolong service life of the lamps in the tunnel, reduce maintenance cost and save energy consumption.

The invention relates to a digital mine tunneling search prediction method. Engineering geological data including tunnel data, mine data, databases and the like of mines are imported into a data cache region of a processor through input equipment, and integration of tunnel data of mines is completed by interface tools. A three-dimension tunnel structure is built by the aid of an interactive tool, tunneling is performed while tunnel attributes are established, and tunnel network topological structure is built for complicated mining areas. By the digital mine tunneling search prediction method, tunneling of actual engineering or simulated tunnel mining can be realized, and the optimal path of tunnels can be searched according to factors of tunnel length, tunnel geological structure change, geological structural characteristics, stability of surrounding rocks, water inrush property, gas emission and the like, so that risk prediction is realized and risk can be lowered. In addition, the digital mine tunneling search predication method is easy to popularize to applications for underground tunnels and pipelines, blow-off pipelines, underground rivers and the like, provides more visual digital information for underground engineering, and improves accuracy and reliability of data of geological exploration.

The invention provides a junctionless lengthways tunneling field effect transistor, comprising a source region, a drain region, a channel region, a control grid and an auxiliary grid, wherein the source region, the drain region and the channel region are formed into a whole and adopt the same doped semiconducting material; the doping concentration from the source region to a channel and the drain region is the same; the control grid and the auxiliary grid are respectively located on the two sides of the channel; at least a part of the control grid and a part of the auxiliary grid are opposite to each other; the control grid is used for controlling the breakover and closing of a device; and the auxiliary grid is used for making a semiconducting region under the auxiliary grid generate transoid. The junctionless lengthways tunneling field effect transistor has only one doping type, no PN junction is needed to be made, the process difficulty is reduced, the size reduction of the device is facilitated, a short channel effect is restrained, the switching current ratio is increased, off-state current leakage is further reduced through the distance region between the control grid and the auxiliary grid, the characteristics such as a subthreshold slope can be improved, the tunneling length is effectively reduced through controlling the thickness of a semiconductor film, and the tunneling current is increased.

An optical transducer comprises a light source for emitting radiant energy, a base member, and an elongate light collector positioned for receiving radiant energy from the light source. The elongate light collector comprises a tunnel formed in the base member and a collector window that extends along a length of the tunnel. Radiant energy projected by the light source is received in the tunnel through the window and is transmitted along a length of the tunnel. A portion of the transmitted radiant energy exits the tunnel to thereby vary the intensity of light along the tunnel length. At least one photosensor is positioned for detecting the amount of radiant energy at a location in the tunnel. In this manner, the intensity of radiant energy at the tunnel location is indicative of at least relative position between the incident radiant energy and the at least one photosensor.

The invention discloses a method for determining the minimum buried depth of an underground tunnel based on engineering control measures. According to the method, the influence on the buried depth of the tunnel due to the engineering control measures in the construction process of the underground tunnel is considered. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, preliminarily determining the minimum buried depth of the tunnel according to wiring conditions at two ends of the underground tunnel; secondly, analyzing the safety in the tunnel construction process when conventional support parameters and construction parameters under the buried depth conditions; on the premise that the conventional support parameters do not meet the construction safety, further analyzing the construction risk of the tunnel under the conditions of different reinforcement measures and reinforcement parameters and determining the minimum buried depth for ensuring the construction safety of the tunnel under the condition of different engineering control measures; and finally, determining the optimally-reasonably buried depth of the tunnel on the basis of comprehensively comparing reinforcement expenses under the condition of different engineering control measures with reduced expenses caused by the reduction of the tunnel length due to the reduction of the tunnel buried depth.

The invention discloses a construction method suitable for an up-down overlapped tunnel with the small clear space and long distance under the weak geological condition. The up-down overlapped tunnel comprises an upper hole tunnel body and a lower hole tunnel body, wherein the tunnel diameter of the upper hole tunnel body is the same as that of the lower hole tunnel body, and the tunnel length of the upper hole tunnel body is largely equal to that of the lower hole tunnel body. Both the upper hole tunnel body and the lower hole tunnel body are of a tunnel structure formed by tube pieces, the vertical clear space between the upper hole tunnel body and the lower hole tunnel body is smaller than 0.7D(shield diameter), and the tunnel length is larger than 1000 m. The shield construction method includes the steps that after the lower hole tunnel body is completed according to a conventional shield construction method, the measures of a shield high-altitude starting platform, up-down tunnel interlayer soil body deep hole grouting reinforcement, lower hole tunnel supporting steel ring reinforcement, a shield high-altitude receiving platform and the like are taken, so that the influence on the formed lower hole tunnel body by shield construction of the upper hole tunnel body and the secondary overlapping effect of overlapped tunnel sedimentation are reduced, and it is guaranteed that deformation of the lower hole tunnel body and ground subsidence can be controlled. The overlapped tunnel shield construction method is of great reference value and practical significance to similar shield tunnel engineering and intensive deep-layer underground space exploitation and utilization.

The invention provides a shield machine cutter wear simulation testing device and a shield machine cutting tool wear simulation testing method for an upper-soft lower-hard stratum. The shield machine cutter wear simulation testing device for the upper-soft lower-hard stratum comprises a simulate soil body used for simulating a site survey soil state of the upper-soft lower-hard stratum and a shield cutter head simulation device used for simulating rotation and tunneling of a cutter portion of a shield machine, wherein the simulate soil body is filled in a model test box, a simulate cutter head and a simulate cutter, obtained by simulating a real cutter head and a real cutter according to a scaled down rule, are arranged at an output end of the shield cutter head simulation device, and the simulate cutter head and the simulate cutter are stretched into the model test box, and laid towards the direction of the simulate soil body. By filling two types of soil bodies different in intensity in the test box according to work conditions in actual tunneling on site, the upper-soft lower-hard stratum is really simulated, and therefore effective test data is collected in aspects of thrust force, rotation speed, torque, tunneling length, cutter wear degrees and the like, and data support is provided to cutter improvement in actual construction.

In one embodiment, a device for measuring a length of a bone tunnel is provided. The device includes: a gauge comprising an annular shaft coupled to a handle, the handle including a constrained channel configured for receiving a passing pin from the annular shaft and displaying the passing pin in relation to a scale. In another embodiment, a method for measuring length of the bone tunnel is provided. A method and another device are provided.

An endograft includes a main body having a wall separating interior and exterior surfaces and adapted to be inserted within the vessel. The main body is characterized by a single proximal opening and two distal openings and at least one aperture extending through the wall. At least one stent is secured to the main body that upon expansion pressure fits the main body into the vessel. An open tunnel is secured to the interior surface of the main body around the main body aperture and secured somewhere along the tunnel length to provide fluid communication between the interior and exterior surfaces of the main body through the aperture and with the vascular branch in proximity to the main body aperture. The insertion of a sleeve positioned partly within the tunnel and extending beyond the exterior surface of the main body into the vascular branch assures to the vascular branch.

Disclosed is a method for increasing gas extraction rate by permeability increasing of single thick coal seam. During a tunneling process of coal seam working face, gas extraction holes are drilled along coal seams and hole protecting tubes are inserted into the gas extraction holes after drilling and sealed so as to perform gas extraction. When tunneling length of a tunnel is less than 50m, a twist drill is used to drill on the bottom of the coal seam along an inclination at intervals of 0.3-0.5m of coal pillars, and drilling holes which are 1.0-1.5m in width and 0.1-0.2 time as high as the coal seam are formed. After the drilling holes are formed, curved sink from bottom to top occurs on the coal, a large quantity of gaps are generated, permeability coefficient of the coal is increased by more than 120 times on average, gas extraction flow is increased by more than 10 times on average, and average gas extraction concentration is larger than 55%. By the method, pressure relief of the single thick coal seam with high gas content and low permeability is achieved, permeability increasing range is wide, permeability increasing effect is fine, and the gas extraction rate is increased by 60%. In addition, the method is widely applicable.

The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel construction and discloses a method for determining a minimum burial depth of a complex stratum shield tunnel. The method includes construction steps: determining a bearable maximum shear force of the shield tunnel according to a joint structure of the shield tunnel; according to a relation between the maximum shear force and a synchronous grouting pressure, determining a reasonable grouting pressure standard as a tunnel grouting control pressure; calculating according to the synchronous grouting pressure to obtain a tunnel dynamic buoyancy force, wherein the sum of the dynamic buoyancy force and a static buoyancy force is an extreme buoyancy force in a tunnel construction process; according to a shear destructive force of overlaying soil, determining a stratum limit buoyancy force which limits tunnel uplifting, wherein the sum of the limit buoyancy force and the dead weight of the tunnel is an anti-buoyancy force of the tunnel structure; comparing the extreme buoyancy force with the anti-buoyancy force to obtain the thickness of the overlaying soil, namely the minimum burial depth of the tunnel. The method is suitable for complex strata and non-silt strata such as clay and weathered strata, high flexibility in tunnel wiring is achieved, tunnel length is further reduced, and accordingly engineering cost is saved.

The invention relates to the technical field of subway tunnel construction, and provides a subway tunnel lining trolley. On the premise that portal units and supporting accessory units are certain, a bracket unit and template units are specifically designed, and therefore it is guaranteed that the trolley is suitable for subway tunnels with different profile sections. Portal vertical columns are in an inclined structural mode, the length of a portal beam meets requirements, and space between the portal vertical columns and portal longerons is increased; the two ends of the portal beam are designed to be in a stepped shape, portal upper longerons are installed in steps, and therefore the installation height of the portal upper longerons is reduced; the clearance of the portal units is increased through the design. In addition, small moving dies are designed in a bottom chamfer structural mode; the portal longerons are lengthened in the tunnel length direction, and a deforming mechanism and a climbing mechanism are installed on the portal longerons; the demold amount of the trolley is increased through the design, and it is guaranteed that the template units do not easily interfere with the deforming mechanism or the climbing mechanism in the die assembly process.

The invention discloses a highway long-tunnel entrance section daytime illumination optimizing method, which comprises the following steps: collecting tunnel environment illumination, driver visual adaptation time and driver pupil area data; establishing a driver pupil area and illumination model, an illumination and tunnel length model, and a driver visual adaptation model; working out a three-dimensional curved surface according to relationship among the driver pupil area, the visual adaptation time and the corresponding environment illumination by utilizing software; finally establishing a function model as per parameters obtained from the curved surface, and computing to solve the relationship among tunnel length, car speed and tunnel optimized illumination. The method can solve the problem of dark adaptation caused by illumination difference during traveling in a tunnel at night, reduces traffic accidents induced by visual disturbance, and meanwhile can greatly reduce power consumption of lighting facilities in the tunnel.

The invention relates to a multisection continuous observing method for feeding back a tunnel surrounding rock deforming rule, which is suitable for support engineering of a mine tunnel. The tunnel length range of a tunneling influence period is judged according to the surrounding rock condition and the tunneling speed of the tunnel; 5 to 10 observing stations are distributed and installed in a range not smaller than the length at an observing station interval which is integral multiple of daily tunneling size of the tunnel; the observation is carried out once a day after installation and keeps for 3-5days, and the data for reflecting the tunnel deforming rule can be obtained. By the system distribution of the observing stations and the improvement of the observing method, the invention reduces the observing period from 50-80 days to 3-5 days, greatly reduces the workload of observing staffs and has high feedback speed and less influence on the tunneling construction of the tunnel; the reflected mine pressure rule can provide reliable information in time for guiding site construction and provide important basic data for solving the problem of support of the deep soft rock tunnel.

The invention discloses the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a plateau high-gas extra long separating type tunnel construction ventilation method. The tunnel construction ventilation method comprises the following steps that (1) the air volume needed for tunnel construction ventilation is calculated; (2) according to the plateau sea level elevation where a tunnel locates, the air density in the tunnel is calculated and corrected; (3) according to the calculating result of the air volume needed for ventilation, suitable plateau gas tunnel ventilation equipment is selected; (4) staged ventilation schemes are determined according to the tunneling length of the tunnel; and (5) a gas electricity locking system and a wind electricity locking system are arranged in the tunnel and working conditions are set. According to the characteristics of the separating type tunnel, after the air volume needed for construction is calculated and after the air density is corrected, the ventilation equipment is selected, so that the situation that resource waste is caused when the ventilation equipment is selected is avoided. The staged ventilation schemes are implemented according to the tunneling length of the tunnel, the tunnel ventilation effect is guaranteed, the gas density is diluted, and construction cost is reduced. The high-gas tunnel construction risk is reduced through the wind electricity locking system and the gas electricity locking system.

The invention relates to a tunnel construction ventilation method and system. The tunnel construction ventilation system comprises a variable frequency fan, a frequency converter, a controller, a dustsensor, a gas sensor and a network communication device. The dust sensor, gas sensor and the like detect the environment state in the tunnel, and transmit the dust concentration and various gas concentrations to an intelligent control module through the network communication device; the intelligent control module compares the detection values of the sensors with health standard values, and calculates the air output of the fan according to the information of the tunnel length, the air pipe characteristics and the like; and the output frequency of the frequency converter is adjusted by sendingan instruction to the frequency converter, so that the running state of the fan is adjusted.

The invention relates to a method for determining the reasonable empty-support distance of a tunneling head. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, sampling immediate roof rock of a tunnel, measuring uniaxial compressive strength and tensile strength through mechanical tests; analyzing the stress of the immediate roof and the tunneling head, building an immediate roof mechanical model along the tunnel, carrying out stress function solution by using a difference method and mathematical software, and calculating stress component of each node in the model; judging stability of the immediate roof in the empty-support range according to the rock strength determined by the tests; and finally, selecting the reasonable empty-support distance according to the maximum tunneling length completed by a production class. The method for the head-on reasonable empty-support distance of the tunneling head overcomes blindness of selecting the empty-support distance, realizes quantitative analysis of empty-support distance selection, and provides important basis for safely and quickly tunneling tunnels. The method has the advantages of simpleness, easy practice, low cost and high reliability, and provides a new way for determining the reasonable empty-support distance.

The invention discloses a construction method for a caisson at a tunnel portal section. The construction method comprises step 1. preparation work before construction; step 2. caisson bottom section construction; step 3. caisson middle section construction; step 4. caisson top section construction; step 5. caisson bottom sealing treatment; step 6. upper part treatment inside the caisson top section; step 7. caisson communication to exterior of the tunnel portal section. The construction method for the caisson at the tunnel portal section aims at the problem that the tunnel can not be easily formed as the buried depth in the conventional construction of the tunnel portal section is small, and the new construction method of the tunnel portal section is provided, so that safety accidents such as collapse of an excavation surface during construction are reduced, transition from a shallowly-buried section of the tunnel portal to an underground excavation of a main tunnel is provided, the tunnel construction safety is improved and meanwhile the tunnel length is shortened.

An arrangement method of exploration survey lines for a railway tunnel with an airborne electromagnetic method effectively explores geological conditions of a underground section at a center line of arailway line, so as to ensure reliability of geophysical data and realize economical efficiency, rationality and high efficiency of the exploration project as best as possible. The exploration surveylines comprise a central survey line arranged at the center line of the railway line; a left-side survey line group and a right-side survey line group that are arranged on the left side and the rightside of the center line in the direction of the railway line respectively. In the left-side survey line group and the right-side survey line group, the survey lines are symmetrically arranged with respect to the central survey line, and the spacing between the survey lines at the same side is gradually changed from the smallest spacing between the survey lines closest to the central survey line to the largest spacing between the survey lines farthest away from the the centrak survey line. The spacing between the survey line nearest to the edge in the left-side survey line group and the surveyline nearest to the edge in the right-side survey line group is twice as much as the depth of tunnel exploration. The lengths of the central survey line, the survey lines in the left-side survey linegroup and in the right-side survey line group are the sum of the tunnel length and the length of extended segment extending outward from both ends of the tunnel.

The invention discloses a frozen earth tunnel entrance section anti-freeze fortifying length computing method. The method comprises the following steps that S1, boundary conditions of tunnel surrounding rocks and linings are determined; S2, a steady-state temperature field with the surrounding rock temperature not changing with time is determined according to the boundary conditions of the tunnel surrounding rocks and the linings; S3, a temperature field with the surrounding rock temperature changing with time is determined according to the boundary conditions of the tunnel surrounding rocks and the linings; S4, the mean annual temperature of the tunnel cavern wall and the annual temperature amplitude of the tunnel cavern wall are computed according to the step 1, the step 2 and the step 3; S5, the temperature field distribution of the tunnel cavern wall is computed according to the mean annual temperature and the annual temperature amplitude of the tunnel cavern wall; and S6, the anti-freeze fortifying length is obtained according to a temperature field distribution formula. According to the method, theoretical formula derivation is conducted through heat transfer theory and mathematical and physical equation methods, and the different thicknesses of heat-insulation anti-freeze layers in different tunnel length positions are obtained, so that a reasonable segmental anti-freeze method is obtained.

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent glasses, and specifically relates to a scene generation method for an automatic vehicle, and the intelligent glasses. The method includes: when the autonomous vehicle drives into a tunnel, the intelligent glasses obtain a virtual tunnel scene corresponding to the tunnel and obtain tunnel information of the tunnel and driving information of the autonomous vehicle, wherein the tunnel information at least comprises the tunnel length, and the driving information at least comprises the driving speed; and the intelligent glasses generate avirtual car-racing scene according to the virtual tunnel scene, the tunnel information and the driving information. By adopting the method and the intelligent glasses, when the autonomous driving vehicle drives into the tunnel, the car-racing scene can be generated for a passenger of the autonomous vehicle, the passenger can watch the car-racing scene so that the conscious state can be maintained,the passenger can take emergency measures in time when the autonomous vehicle has an emergency condition, and the probability of traffic accidents is reduced.

The invention discloses a downstream tunnel length extremum method for an open-type ventilation system of an extra-long highway tunnel. The method includes the following steps that 1, smoke and dust flow of circulating air flow after purification is calculated; 2, the smoke and dust concentration is calculated when circulating air flow after purification, fresh air flow of a blowing-in vertical shaft and parallel air flow of a tunnel short passage are converged; 3, the smoke and dust flow of newly added downstream air flow is calculated; 4, the cumulative downstream air-flow smoke and dust concentration is calculated; 5, the downstream tunnel length extremum is calculated. The downstream tunnel length extremum calculation formula shows that when the length of a downstream tunnel is equal to or larger than the downstream tunnel length extremum, the smoke and dust concentration exceeds the allowable concentration, and vehicles in downstream tunnel are unsafe. The method can quickly determine the downstream tunnel length for the open-type controllable circulating ventilation system of the extra-long highway tunnel, and the safety of the vehicles in the downstream tunnel is ensured.

The invention discloses an achievement method of an internal air purifying system of a mountain tunnel. The method comprises the steps of 1) burying a first ventilating pipeline and a second ventilating pipeline below a mountain tunnel channel in the length direction of the tunnel; 2) vertically arranging hollow columns with air openings at every fixed intervals in the middle of the road in the mountain tunnel in the tunnel length direction; 3) sequentially alternatively communicating adjacent hollow columns with the first ventilating channel and the second ventilating pipeline through a central ventilating pipeline; 4) communicating one end of the first ventilating pipeline with an air inlet of a suction ventilator; communicating one end of the second ventilating pipeline with an air outlet of an air blower, wherein the suction ventilator and the air blower are arranged at the same outer side of the mountain tunnel. According to the method, one of the adjacent hollow columns is used for exhausting air, and while another is used for sucking air; the hollow columns are matched to exchange air, and therefore, air in the tunnel can be purified well.

A bandgap reference source having a low offset voltage and a high PSRR comprises: a first P tunnel field-effect transistor (MP1), a second P tunnel field-effect transistor (MP2), a third P tunnel field-effect transistor (MP3), a fourth P tunnel field-effect transistor (MP4), a first resistor (R1), a second resistor (R2), a third resistor (R3), a first bipolar transistor (Q1), a second bipolar transistor (Q2) and a voltage feedback circuit (10). The bandgap reference source having a low offset voltage and a high PSRR reduces the influence of tunnel length adjustment effect among various current mirrors, ensures the accuracy of a current multiplication factor, and thus reduces the offset of the output voltage by using a two-layer current mirror structure and increasing offset resistance.

The invention discloses a ventilation type cold zone tunnel longitudinal temperature distribution experimental device which comprises a constant temperature warehouse, a wind speed control device, a tunnel model, a constant temperature tank, a wind speed sensor, a temperature sensor and a data acquisition system. The constant temperature warehouse is used for providing a cold source, the wind speed control device is used for providing wind energy, the tunnel model is formed by connecting tunnel model units, the constant temperature tank is composed of the constant temperature bath units whichare arranged independently, the constant temperature bath units coat the outer surface of the tunnel model units, the wind speed sensor and the temperature sensor are arranged in the tunnel model andare electrically connected to the data acquisition system. The experimental device for testing the longitudinal temperature distribution law of a cold zone tunnel under a one-way or two-way ventilation condition provided by the invention can simulate the distribution law of the longitudinal temperature of a long tunnel under the conditions of different tunnel lengths, different tunnel inlet temperatures, different tunnel inlet wind speeds, different surrounding rock initial temperatures and the like, and can provide accurate parameters for the laying length of a long tunnel thermal insulationlayer in a cold zone.