The invention discloses an accurate target distance measurement method based on monocular vision, belongs to the field of computer visual computation, and is mainly applied to the target distance measurement technology of a front vehicle in intelligent driving scene perception. The method is mainly divided into four major parts, including camera calibration, target distance measurement key point selection, target distance measurement and error correction. A proper distance measurement key point is selected, various distance measurement algorithms are combined, a distance measurement error is corrected, and finally, the accurate distance of the target is obtained. The method can be applied to various industries based on visual computation, for example, the method can be applied to the target distance measurement of the front vehicle of an autonomous vehicle, urban traffic vehicle detection and behavior intention analysis, intelligent robot target distance measurement and the like, and the method exhibits higher accuracy than other visual distance measurement methods.