The invention discloses a strip mine water retention reclamation method. A waste disposal site is separately paved with a mixing waste disposal layer, a water-resisting layer, a water-bearing layer and a surface soil layer from bottom to top, the water-resisting layer is composed of clay, and the water-bearing layer is composed of sandy soil or gravel; the surface soil layer is paved with an upperpart original earth surface soil layer, a water retention material layer and a lower part original earth surface soil layer from top to bottom, and the upper part original earth surface soil layer iscomposed of soil or humus soil; and the water retention material layer is separately paved with a first permeable rock wool board, macromolecule resin, plant food and a second permeable rock wool board from top to bottom. According to the strip mine water retention reclamation method, a plant bionic stratum is established, the water-resisting layer, the water-bearing layer and the surface soil layer are sequentially established in the waste disposal site, water retention matching materials are arranged in the surface soil layer to prevent surface soil water sources from evaporating rapidly, the strip mine ecological remediation and reclamation efficiency can be improved, the problem that the high evaporation capacity moisture of a strip mine in ecological fragile arid and semi-arid landsis difficult to keep can be effectively solved, the efficiency of strip mine ecological reconstruction can be improved, and ecological benefit and environmental benefit are remarkable.