The invention relates to a measuring component and a measuring method for the hardenability of steel with medium and low hardenability, and belongs to the technical field of hardenability testing of metal materials. In the present invention, the hardenability measurement component of low hardenability steel includes a base, a bracket, a liquid inlet pipe, a liquid inlet valve, a liquid storage tank, a test sample, a quenching liquid, a liquid discharge pipe, a liquid discharge valve, and the liquid storage tank is fixedly arranged. On the base, the top side end of the liquid storage tank is provided with a liquid inlet pipe communicating with the cavity of the liquid storage tank, the quenching liquid is arranged in the liquid storage tank, and the bottom end of the liquid storage tank is provided with a pipe connected with the cavity of the liquid storage tank. The liquid discharge pipe is provided with a liquid discharge valve, and the support is fixed horizontally on the inner wall of the lower part of the liquid storage tank; the test sample is arranged on the support; the test sample is a unequal diameter cone structure. The present invention solves the technical problem of a large amount of samples by setting the test sample as an unequal-diameter cone structure, and conducts the same experiment in the same hardenability measuring device for medium and low hardenability steel to ensure that the sample The quenching conditions are the same.