39results about How to "Efficiency variation" patented technology

Disclosed herein a display including: a plurality of organic electroluminescent elements configured to be arranged over a substrate and be each obtained by depositing a lower electrode, an organic layer including at least a light-emitting layer, and an upper electrode in that order, the organic layer of each of the organic electroluminescent elements being adjusted to have a film thickness that allows resonance of a wavelength of luminescent light generated in the light-emitting layer, wherein the film thickness of the organic layer in a first organic electroluminescent element that generates luminescent light having a shortest wavelength among the plurality of organic electroluminescent elements is set larger than the film thickness of the organic layer in a second organic electroluminescent element that generates luminescent light having a wavelength longer than the shortest wavelength of luminescent light generated in the first organic electroluminescent element.

Methods of identifying DNase I Hyper-Resistant Sites (DHRS), or in board sense, highly compact chromatin and characterizing the DNA methylation status of DMRs such as CpG islands and CpG island shores are provided. The methods are particularly useful for analysis of genomic DNA from low quantities of cells, for example, less than 1,000 cells, less than 100 cells, less than 10 cells, or even one cell, and can be used to generate chromatin and methylation profiles. The downstream analyses include in parallel massive sequencing, microarray, PCR and Sanger sequencing, hybridization and other platforms. These methods can be used to generate chromatin and DNA methylation profiles in drug development, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications are also provided.

To provide enhanced quality of service (QoS) communication capability, a wireless network is implemented in which different channels are used for conveying different types of data and in which wireless devices are selectively operated in either an infrastructure or ad hoc mode automatically selected to make best use of the available communication bandwidth. For example, a wireless device for a computer can be operated selectively as a client wireless device that is in communication with a legacy access point in an infrastructure mode on one channel, while using one or more different channels to communicate selectively in either ad hoc mode or infrastructure mode with client devices. To make efficient use of wireless devices, IEEE 802.11a or 802.11g wireless devices are used for communicating audio / video data on one channel, while an IEEE 802.11b wireless device is used on a different channel for communicating web page data.

A semiconductor memory device comprises a plurality of memory cells, each of which is capable of storing N-level data and being reprogrammed; and a plurality of monitor cells that separately store individual data values of the N-level data by using the same scheme as that used for the memory cells. Sensing means senses whether a physical quantity of the monitor cell which corresponds to the data value stored in the monitor cell is within a preset range; verification means verifies whether the physical quantity of the memory cell which corresponds to the data value stored in the memory cell is within the preset range when the sensing means has sensed that the physical quantity of the monitor cell is out of the preset range; correction means corrects the physical quantity. Consequently, a physical quantity variation can be efficiently detected without overstressing memory cells, and correction can be implemented for not only a downward variation due to charge loss and / or the like but also a variation in an upward physical quantity variation due to charge gain and / or the like in a specified range.

An electromechanical transducer with less characteristic variation and a method of manufacturing the electromechanical transducer is provided. The electromechanical transducer has a plurality of cells constituted of a first electrode, a vibration film provided with a second electrode provided so as to face the first electrode through a gap, and a supporting portion supporting the vibration film. A structure configured to reduce an uneven flatness between the vibration film and the supporting portion is provided at an outer peripheral portion of a gap while a portion of the supporting portion is interposed between the structure and the gap.

Embodiments of the present invention help to accomplish accurate and reliable clearance control. In one embodiment of the present invention, a disk drive device adjusts the clearance between a head element portion and a disk with a heater on a slider. The clearance control according to the present embodiment incorporates the variation in heater power efficiency in the clearance variation depending on the radial position. The clearance variation in a unit of heater power varies depending on the radial position. Taking account of the variation in the heater power efficiency in the thermal fly-height control (TFC) depending on the radial position in addition to the clearance variation between the head element portion and the disk caused by variation in fly-height or attitude, accomplishes more accurate TFC.

A method and a device for exhaust gas recycling (EGR) in a combustion engine (1), wherein EGR gases are led into a section of the intake channel where a venturi (9) is arranged for modifying the flow of the intake air, and where a reduced pressure prevails because of modified flow, wherein at least a portion of the wall (10) of the venturi (9) is adjustable for varying the cross section of the venture and thereby for desired adjustment to prevailing operational conditions.

A pure water production apparatus and method are provided that effectively use an isobaric type energy recovery unit that can efficiently recover energy against feed water variation. In a pure water producing method supplying and having a plurality of kinds of feed water with different water qualities permeated through a semi-permeable membrane to produce the pure water, a portion (referred to as first feed water) of the plurality of kinds of feed water supplied to a semi-permeable membrane unit comprising the semi-permeable membrane is boosted by utilizing an isobaric type energy recovery unit that recovers pressure energy of concentrate discharged from the semi-permeable membrane unit, the rest (referred to as second feed water) of the plurality of kinds of feed water is boosted by a high pressure pump, and the boosted first and second feed water are supplied together to the semi-permeable membrane unit.

A screw for injection molding provides a coaxial piston that allows the effective cross-sectional area of the screw to be varied during the injection cycle permitting small shot metering with relatively large diameter injection molding screws.

A method and a device for exhaust gas recycling (EGR) in a combustion engine (1), wherein EGR gases are led into a section of the intake channel where a venturi (9) is arranged for modifying the flow of the intake air, and where a reduced pressure prevails because of modified flow, wherein at least a portion of the wall (10) of the venturi (9) is adjustable for varying the cross section of the venture and thereby for desired adjustment to prevailing operational conditions.

A method of calibrating an impedance-matching current sensor (IMCS) is provided. The IMCS has an equivalent sensing impedance and is connected in parallel to an object under test. The method includes steps of: using an alternating-current (AC) current source to provide a first AC current flowing through the object under test and provide a second AC current flowing through the IMCS; designing the equivalent sensing impedance to make the first AC current much greater than the second AC current; proportionally converting the second AC current into a sense voltage; and adjusting a magnitude of the sense voltage to be proportional to a magnitude of the first AC current. Accordingly, it is to significantly overcome problems of unreliability and instability of the DC-to-DC conversion system caused by temperature, aging, DC bias variation, or parasitic effect, thus maintaining correct sensed results of the current sensor in transient response optimization.

A computer-implemented method that simulates NPskew effects on a combination NFET (Negative Field Effect Transistor) / PFET (Positive Field Effect Transistor) semiconductor device using slew perturbations includes performing a timing test by a computing device, by: (1) evaluating perturb slews in Strong N / Weak P directions on the combination semiconductor device for a timing test result; (2) evaluation perturb slews in Weak N / Strong P directions on the combination semiconductor device for a timing test result; and (3) evaluating unperturbed slews in a balanced condition on the combination semiconductor device for a timing test result. After each test is performed, a determination is made as to which evaluation of the perturbed and unperturbed slews produces a most conservative timing test result for the combination semiconductor device. An NPskew effect adjusted timing test result is finally output based on determining the most conservative timing test result.

Provided is a method of calculating permeability of a porous medium by using analysis of feature variables of friction flows through the porous medium for laminar and turbulent flows considering a geometric feature and a friction loss feature. A method of calculating permeability of a porous medium, according to an embodiment of the present invention, includes obtaining hydraulic diameters and friction factor-Reynolds number relationships of a plurality of reference porous media, deriving a hydraulic diameter-friction factor-Reynolds number correlation between the hydraulic diameters and the friction factor-Reynolds number relationships, and obtaining permeability of a porous medium to be predicted, by using the hydraulic diameter-friction factor-Reynolds number correlation.

Forming an impurity region 6 and an impurity region 5 having a lower concentration than the impurity region 6 in a lower layer region of a gate electrode close to the boundary with a signal electron-voltage conversion section of a horizontal CCD outlet makes it possible to smooth a potential distribution at the time of transfer, improve the transfer efficiency, increase the number of saturated electrons and reduce variations in the transfer efficiency and variations in saturation.

A fuel pump is provided with a casing and a substantially disk-shaped impeller that can rotate within the casing. A group of concavities is formed in each surface of the impeller. The concavities forming the group are arranged in concentric circles with respect to the rotation axis of the impeller. A first groove is formed in a first inner surface of the casing and extends from an upstream end to a downstream end in an area that faces one group of concavities. A second groove is formed in a second inner surface of the casing and extends from an upstream end to a downstream end in an area that faces the other group of concavities. A seal portion is formed in at least one of the first and second inner surfaces of the casing and formed by one layer or a plurality of layers of thin film.

An adjustable brassiere (100) having two cups (102,104) joined to each other, a back band (106, 108) and shoulder straps (110,112). The back band has two parts: a first back band (108) having a first end connected to the first brassiere cup and having a second free end, and a second back band (106) having a first end connected to the second brassiere cup and having a second free end. The second free end of the first back band is detachably connected to the second free end of the second back band. The first shoulder strap (110) has a first end connected to the first brassiere cup and has a second end connected to the first back band, and the second shoulder strap (112) has a first end connected to the second brassiere cup and has a second end connected to the second back band. Adjustable side fasteners (114) connect the first and second brassiere cups to the first and second back bands, and these are able to alter an angle between the first and second brassiere cups and the first and second back bands. In two or more adjustable front fasteners (116) incorporated along each of the first and second brassiere cups connect the first and second brassiere cups and the first and second shoulder straps. The adjustable side fasteners allow the size of the brassieres cups to be increased in volume by one size and the adjustable front fasteners allow the cups to rotate to increase in capacity once side fasteners have been adjusted. The wearer can thus adjust the effective cup size of the brassiere to allow for size fluctuations during pregnancy and / or breast-feeding.

A handling machine for rails, arranged in line and immediately downstream of a rolling plant, which allows both to easily handle the rail for transferring it from the roller table to the thermal treatment zone, and to ensure an optimal gripping of the rail along its longitudinal extension, thus effectively contrasting its bending and variations while allowing a longitudinal movement of the rail caused by thermal shrinkage, thus avoiding damages both to the external surface of the rail and to the handlers. A rail handling process is also described, which optimizes moving, positioning along a roller table and maintaining the rail substantially rectilinear during the thermal treatment to which it is subjected.

The present disclosure relates to methods and kits for DNA library construction, particularly for consistent and reproducible DNA sequencing.

A handling machine for handling rails, arranged in line immediately downstream of a rolling plant, which allows an optimal clamping of the rail along its longitudinal extension, thus effectively withstanding the deflection and its variations, while allowing a longitudinal movement of the rail caused by thermal shrinkage, thus avoiding damages both to the external surface of the rail and to the handlers. A process of handling the rail is also described, which optimizes moving, positioning along a roller table and maintaining the rail substantially rectilinear during the thermal treatment to which it is subjected.

The present disclosure relates to methods and kits for DNA library construction, particularly for consistent and reproducible DNA sequencing.

A wear and / or friction reducing additive for a lubricating fluid in which the additive is a combination of a moderately hydrophilic single-phase compound and an anti-wear and / or anti-friction aqueous salt solution. The aqueous salt solution produces a coating on boundary layer surfaces. The lubricating fluid can be an emulsion-free hydrophobic oil, hydraulic fluid, antifreeze, or water. Preferably, the moderately hydrophilic single-phase compound is sulfonated castor oil and the aqueous salt solution additionally contains boric acid and zinc oxide. The emulsions produced by the aqueous salt solutions, the moderately hydrophilic single-phase compounds, or the combination thereof provide targeted boundary layer organizers that significantly enhance the anti-wear and / or anti-friction properties of the base lubricant by decreasing wear and / or friction of sliding and / or rolling surfaces at boundary layers.

A system and method that effectively measures the polarization dependent gain of an optical amplifier without significantly introducing error into that measurement is provided. A saturating optical signal source generates an optical signal capable of saturating the optical amplifier. A slow polarization scrambler then randomly polarizes the optical signal to yield a polarized optical signal, which is used as an input signal of the optical amplifier. The output signal of the optical amplifier is then transferred to a fast polarization scrambler, resulting in a PDG measurement signal, which is then presented to an optical signal analyzer that measures the intensity level of each channel of the PDG measurement signal. Alternately, a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) polarization mixer is employed to mix the polarization states of WDM channels of the polarized optical signal from the slow polarization scrambler with respect to each other, yielding the input signal for the optical amplifier under test.

A handling machine for handling rails, arranged in line immediately downstream of a rolling plant, which allows an optimal clamping of the rail along its longitudinal extension, thus effectively withstanding the deflection and its variations, while allowing a longitudinal movement of the rail caused by thermal shrinkage, thus avoiding damages both to the external surface of the rail and to the handlers. A process of handling the rail is also described, which optimizes moving, positioning along a roller table and maintaining the rail substantially rectilinear during the thermal treatment to which it is subjected.

A computer-implemented method that simulates NPskew effects on a combination NFET (Negative Field Effect Transistor) / PFET (Positive Field Effect Transistor) semiconductor device using slew perturbations includes performing a timing test by a computing device, by: (1) evaluating perturb slews in Strong N / Weak P directions on the combination semiconductor device for a timing test result; (2) evaluation perturb slews in Weak N / Strong P directions on the combination semiconductor device for a timing test result; and (3) evaluating unperturbed slews in a balanced condition on the combination semiconductor device for a timing test result. After each test is performed, a determination is made as to which evaluation of the perturbed and unperturbed slews produces a most conservative timing test result for the combination semiconductor device. An NPskew effect adjusted timing test result is finally output based on determining the most conservative timing test result.

A wear and / or friction reducing additive for a lubricating fluid in which the additive is a combination of a moderately hydrophilic single-phase compound and an anti-wear and / or anti-friction aqueous salt solution. The aqueous salt solution produces a coating on boundary layer surfaces. The lubricating fluid can be an emulsion-free hydrophobic oil, hydraulic fluid, antifreeze, or water. Preferably, the moderately hydrophilic single-phase compound is sulfonated castor oil and the aqueous salt solution additionally contains boric acid and zinc oxide. The emulsions produced by the aqueous salt solutions, the moderately hydrophilic single-phase compounds, or the combination thereof provide targeted boundary layer organizers that significantly enhance the anti-wear and / or anti-friction properties of the base lubricant by decreasing wear and / or friction of sliding and / or rolling surfaces at boundary layers.

A fuel pump is provided with a casing and a substantially disk-shaped impeller that can rotate within the casing. A group of concavities is formed in each surface of the impeller. The concavities forming the group are arranged in concentric circles with respect to the rotation axis of the impeller. A first groove is formed in a first inner surface of the casing and extends from an upstream end to a downstream end in an area that faces one group of concavities. A second groove is formed in a second inner surface of the casing and extends from an upstream end to a downstream end in an area that faces the other group of concavities. A seal portion is formed in at least one of the first and second inner surfaces of the casing and formed by one layer or a plurality of layers of thin film.

Lubrication additives of the current invention require formation of emulsions in base lubricants, created with an aqueous salt solution plus a single-phase compound such that partitioning within the resulting emulsion provides thermodynamically targeted compounds for boundary layer organization thus establishing anti-friction and / or anti-wear. The single-phase compound is termed “boundary layer organizer”, abbreviated BLO. These emulsion-contained compounds energetically favor association with tribologic surfaces in accord with the Second Law of Thermodynamics, and will organize boundary layers on those surfaces in ways specific to the chemistry of the salt and BLO additives. In this way friction modifications may be provided by BLOs targeted to boundary layers via emulsions within lubricating fluids, wherein those lubricating fluids may be water-based or oil-based.

A handling machine for rails, arranged in line and immediately downstream of a rolling plant, which allows both to easily handle the rail for transferring it from the roller table to the thermal treatment zone, and to ensure an optimal gripping of the rail along its longitudinal extension, thus effectively contrasting its bending and variations while allowing a longitudinal movement of the rail caused by thermal shrinkage, thus avoiding damages both to the external surface of the rail and to the handlers. A rail handling process is also described, which optimizes moving, positioning along a roller table and maintaining the rail substantially rectilinear during the thermal treatment to which it is subjected.