38results about How to "Efficiency variation" patented technology

Methods of identifying DNase I Hyper-Resistant Sites (DHRS), or in board sense, highly compact chromatin and characterizing the DNA methylation status of DMRs such as CpG islands and CpG island shores are provided. The methods are particularly useful for analysis of genomic DNA from low quantities of cells, for example, less than 1,000 cells, less than 100 cells, less than 10 cells, or even one cell, and can be used to generate chromatin and methylation profiles. The downstream analyses include in parallel massive sequencing, microarray, PCR and Sanger sequencing, hybridization and other platforms. These methods can be used to generate chromatin and DNA methylation profiles in drug development, diagnostics, and therapeutic applications are also provided.

To provide enhanced quality of service (QoS) communication capability, a wireless network is implemented in which different channels are used for conveying different types of data and in which wireless devices are selectively operated in either an infrastructure or ad hoc mode automatically selected to make best use of the available communication bandwidth. For example, a wireless device for a computer can be operated selectively as a client wireless device that is in communication with a legacy access point in an infrastructure mode on one channel, while using one or more different channels to communicate selectively in either ad hoc mode or infrastructure mode with client devices. To make efficient use of wireless devices, IEEE 802.11a or 802.11g wireless devices are used for communicating audio/video data on one channel, while an IEEE 802.11b wireless device is used on a different channel for communicating web page data.

A semiconductor memory device comprises a plurality of memory cells, each of which is capable of storing N-level data and being reprogrammed; and a plurality of monitor cells that separately store individual data values of the N-level data by using the same scheme as that used for the memory cells. Sensing means senses whether a physical quantity of the monitor cell which corresponds to the data value stored in the monitor cell is within a preset range; verification means verifies whether the physical quantity of the memory cell which corresponds to the data value stored in the memory cell is within the preset range when the sensing means has sensed that the physical quantity of the monitor cell is out of the preset range; correction means corrects the physical quantity. Consequently, a physical quantity variation can be efficiently detected without overstressing memory cells, and correction can be implemented for not only a downward variation due to charge loss and/or the like but also a variation in an upward physical quantity variation due to charge gain and/or the like in a specified range.

An electromechanical transducer with less characteristic variation and a method of manufacturing the electromechanical transducer is provided. The electromechanical transducer has a plurality of cells constituted of a first electrode, a vibration film provided with a second electrode provided so as to face the first electrode through a gap, and a supporting portion supporting the vibration film. A structure configured to reduce an uneven flatness between the vibration film and the supporting portion is provided at an outer peripheral portion of a gap while a portion of the supporting portion is interposed between the structure and the gap.

A pure water production apparatus and method are provided that effectively use an isobaric type energy recovery unit that can efficiently recover energy against feed water variation. In a pure water producing method supplying and having a plurality of kinds of feed water with different water qualities permeated through a semi-permeable membrane to produce the pure water, a portion (referred to as first feed water) of the plurality of kinds of feed water supplied to a semi-permeable membrane unit comprising the semi-permeable membrane is boosted by utilizing an isobaric type energy recovery unit that recovers pressure energy of concentrate discharged from the semi-permeable membrane unit, the rest (referred to as second feed water) of the plurality of kinds of feed water is boosted by a high pressure pump, and the boosted first and second feed water are supplied together to the semi-permeable membrane unit.

A method and a device for exhaust gas recycling (EGR) in a combustion engine (1), wherein EGR gases are led into a section of the intake channel where a venturi (9) is arranged for modifying the flow of the intake air, and where a reduced pressure prevails because of modified flow, wherein at least a portion of the wall (10) of the venturi (9) is adjustable for varying the cross section of the venture and thereby for desired adjustment to prevailing operational conditions.

A method of calibrating an impedance-matching current sensor (IMCS) is provided. The IMCS has an equivalent sensing impedance and is connected in parallel to an object under test. The method includes steps of: using an alternating-current (AC) current source to provide a first AC current flowing through the object under test and provide a second AC current flowing through the IMCS; designing the equivalent sensing impedance to make the first AC current much greater than the second AC current; proportionally converting the second AC current into a sense voltage; and adjusting a magnitude of the sense voltage to be proportional to a magnitude of the first AC current. Accordingly, it is to significantly overcome problems of unreliability and instability of the DC-to-DC conversion system caused by temperature, aging, DC bias variation, or parasitic effect, thus maintaining correct sensed results of the current sensor in transient response optimization.

Forming an impurity region 6 and an impurity region 5 having a lower concentration than the impurity region 6 in a lower layer region of a gate electrode close to the boundary with a signal electron-voltage conversion section of a horizontal CCD outlet makes it possible to smooth a potential distribution at the time of transfer, improve the transfer efficiency, increase the number of saturated electrons and reduce variations in the transfer efficiency and variations in saturation.

A handling machine for rails, arranged in line and immediately downstream of a rolling plant, which allows both to easily handle the rail for transferring it from the roller table to the thermal treatment zone, and to ensure an optimal gripping of the rail along its longitudinal extension, thus effectively contrasting its bending and variations while allowing a longitudinal movement of the rail caused by thermal shrinkage, thus avoiding damages both to the external surface of the rail and to the handlers. A rail handling process is also described, which optimizes moving, positioning along a roller table and maintaining the rail substantially rectilinear during the thermal treatment to which it is subjected.

A system and method that effectively measures the polarization dependent gain of an optical amplifier without significantly introducing error into that measurement is provided. A saturating optical signal source generates an optical signal capable of saturating the optical amplifier. A slow polarization scrambler then randomly polarizes the optical signal to yield a polarized optical signal, which is used as an input signal of the optical amplifier. The output signal of the optical amplifier is then transferred to a fast polarization scrambler, resulting in a PDG measurement signal, which is then presented to an optical signal analyzer that measures the intensity level of each channel of the PDG measurement signal. Alternately, a wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) polarization mixer is employed to mix the polarization states of WDM channels of the polarized optical signal from the slow polarization scrambler with respect to each other, yielding the input signal for the optical amplifier under test.

A handling machine for handling rails, arranged in line immediately downstream of a rolling plant, which allows an optimal clamping of the rail along its longitudinal extension, thus effectively withstanding the deflection and its variations, while allowing a longitudinal movement of the rail caused by thermal shrinkage, thus avoiding damages both to the external surface of the rail and to the handlers. A process of handling the rail is also described, which optimizes moving, positioning along a roller table and maintaining the rail substantially rectilinear during the thermal treatment to which it is subjected.

A computer-implemented method that simulates NPskew effects on a combination NFET (Negative Field Effect Transistor)/PFET (Positive Field Effect Transistor) semiconductor device using slew perturbations includes performing a timing test by a computing device, by: (1) evaluating perturb slews in Strong N/Weak P directions on the combination semiconductor device for a timing test result; (2) evaluation perturb slews in Weak N/Strong P directions on the combination semiconductor device for a timing test result; and (3) evaluating unperturbed slews in a balanced condition on the combination semiconductor device for a timing test result. After each test is performed, a determination is made as to which evaluation of the perturbed and unperturbed slews produces a most conservative timing test result for the combination semiconductor device. An NPskew effect adjusted timing test result is finally output based on determining the most conservative timing test result.