The invention discloses an agricultural straw treatment pneumatic conveying return-to-field device. The device comprises a casing, a feeding hopper, a first crushing chamber, a second crushing chamber, a fan, a blowing duct and a water tank, the casing is provided with the first crushing chamber and the second crushing chamber which are communicated with each other, the top of the casing is provided with the feeding hopper for feeding, the feeding hopper is communicated with the first crushing chamber for inputting straw into the first crushing chamber, a first rotating shaft is arranged in the first crushing chamber, the first rotating shaft is driven by the first motor mounted on one side of the casing, a plurality of pulverizing blades are fixed to the outside of the first rotating shaft, and a second rotating shaft is installed in the second crushing chamber. The device has the advantages that double smashing is conducted on the straw to ensure the pulverizing effect, the smashed straw can be returned to a field under the action of wind, an atomization spray head arranged can be used for spraying water on the straw, the quality of the straw is increased, so that the straw fallsquickly, and the device also contributes to the sedimentation of dust.