32results about How to "Fully polarized" patented technology

The invention provides a method for preparing PZT-based composite piezoelectric ceramic. The method includes the following steps that firstly, graphene oxide is prepared; secondly, PZT piezoelectric powder is wrapped with graphene oxide; thirdly, pre-sintering is conducted; fourthly, fine grinding is conducted; fifthly, discharge plasma sintering is carried out. The PZT-based composite piezoelectric ceramic comprises PZT and graphene, and the PZT-based composite piezoelectric ceramic has the electrical conductivity ranging from 0.5*10<-6>S / m to 2.3*10<-5>S / cm. The invention provides a piezoelectric power generation device comprising the PZT-based composite piezoelectric ceramic and application of the PZT-based composite piezoelectric ceramic in piezoelectric power generation.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a zirconic acid sodium bismuthide lithium cerium doped potassium-sodium niobate based ceramic material. The preparation method is characterized by comprising the steps of adopting a traditional solid phase method to prepare a zirconic acid sodium bismuthide lithium cerium doped potassium-sodium niobate (KNN) based ceramic powder material; preparing zirconic acid sodium bismuthide lithium cerium doped KNN based ceramics through traditional electronic ceramic fabrication processes such as granulation tableting, dumping, sintering and silver polarizing. The KNN piezoelectric property is greatly improved through components (BiNa)(LiCe)ZrO3 doping, good temperature stability is realized, and an important role is played on KNN based ceramic material application.

The invention discloses a manganese-doped titanium-bismuth-calcium-lithium-cerium-niobate-based piezoelectric ceramic material and a preparation method thereof. Powder materials; Manganese-doped titanium bismuth niobate calcium lithium cerium based ceramics are prepared through traditional electronic ceramic preparation processes such as granulation and tableting, debinding, sintering and silver testing. The sintering temperature of calcium bismuth titanate-based (CBT) ceramics is reduced by the complex substitution of A-site lithium, cerium (Li, Ce) and B-site niobium (Nb), and its piezoelectric properties are significantly improved and reduced at lower sintering temperatures. Its dielectric loss plays an important role in the practical application of CBT-based ceramic materials in high-temperature fields.

The invention discloses fiber surface interface layer deposition equipment and method. The equipment comprises a filament release device, an electrostatic filament scattering device, a magnetron sputtering device, a solid adhesive device and a filament collecting device. The filament collecting device and the filament release device are positioned on two sides of the magnetron sputtering device, the electrostatic filament scattering device is positioned between the filament release device and the magnetron sputtering device, and the solid adhesive device is positioned between the filament collecting device and the magnetron sputtering device. When the equipment is in operation, fiber bundles are released from the filament release device, then move to the electrostatic filament scattering device to be scattered, enter the magnetron sputtering device in a scattered state and are bundled by the solid adhesive device after an interface layer is obtained through magnetron sputtering deposition, and the fiber bundles are finally collected by the filament collecting device. The SiC fiber surface interface layer obtained according to the preparation method is uniform in thickness distribution, controllable in thickness and low in fiber damage and is a quasi-graphene structure weak interface layer, and mechanical performances of composite materials can be remarkably improved.

The invention discloses a two-dimensional ferroelectric semiconductor channel ferroelectric dielectric layer field effect transistor and a preparation method thereof. The two-dimensional ferroelectric semiconductor channel ferroelectric dielectric layer field effect transistor comprises an insulating substrate, a graphene grid electrode is arranged on the insulating substrate, and a two-dimensional ferroelectric dielectric layer and a metal grid electrode are arranged on the graphene grid electrode; and the two-dimensional ferroelectric dielectric layer is provided with a two-dimensional ferroelectric semiconductor channel, and the two-dimensional ferroelectric semiconductor channel is provided with a metal source electrode and a metal drain electrode which are separated from each other. The invention also comprises the preparation method of the two-dimensional ferroelectric semiconductor channel ferroelectric dielectric layer field effect transistor. According to the invention, the two ferroelectric bodies are combined with each other, and the bound charges of the two ferroelectric bodies at the interface can perform charge shielding on a depolarization field, so that the residual polarization of the ferroelectric bodies can be prolonged, and the problems that stable nonvolatile storage is difficult to realize and a silicon-based semiconductor process cannot be compatible in the prior art are effectively solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of optoelectronic materials, and discloses a production method of an 8-inch lithium niobate crystal, wherein the production method comprises the followingsteps: (1) preparation of a polycrystalline raw material: mixing and sintering lithium carbonate and niobium oxide raw materials, briquetting and crushing to obtain a polycrystalline raw material; (2)crystal growth: putting the polycrystalline raw material into a platinum crucible located in a multilayer temperature field, carrying out crystal growth by adopting a pulling method, and carrying outcrystal initiation, necking, shoulder extending, shoulder contracting, equal-diameter growth and pulling-out to obtain a multi-domain crystal; and (3) crystal annealing and polarizing: embedding themulti-domain crystal into the polycrystalline raw material, and annealing and polarizing to obtain the 8-inch lithium niobate crystal. In the crystal growth process, multiple layers of temperature fields are adopted, it is guaranteed that the temperature fields are uniform and free of mutation, crystal polycrystal and cracking are avoided, and crystal growth is easier to control; a powder buryingmethod is adopted for annealing polarization, so that crystals are not easy to crack; during preparation of the polycrystalline raw material, multiple times of mixing and sintering are performed, andstable Curie temperature of crystals can be ensured.

This invention relates to a bending rocking ultrasonic micro-electric motor made of multiple group of piezoelectric sheets pile. It comprises: a central axle, a stator and a rotor slipped-over therewith, and a torque output part. The stator is composed of: an upper matching block, a converter, an electrode leading-out piece and a lower matching blocks. The converter is n pieces piezoelectric sheets (n>14), on the two surfaces of the sheet is divided into m electrodes (m>32) with different polarizing direction. All the sheets are put together to form a pile. Internal connection or external connection is used for connection between each layer electrodes. The simple signal excioted ones are parallel connected, then leading-out electrode; on the other hand, the coswt signal excites ones are also parallel connected then leading-out electrode. Advantages are: minimized, useful in biological, medical, micro-mechancial, national defance sciences fields.

The invention discloses a lithium-cerium-tantalum codoping niobic acid-bismuth-calcium based piezoceramic material and a preparation method thereof. The lithium-cerium-tantalum codoping niobic acid-bismuth-calcium based piezoceramic material is characterized by being expressed by a general formula Ca1-x(Li,Ce)x / 2Bi2Nb2-yTayO9, wherein x is greater than or equal to 0.02 and is less than or equal to 0.15, y is greater than or equal to 0.01 and is less than or equal to 0.3, x expresses the molar fractions of lithium and cerium on the site A, and y expresses the molar fraction of tantalum on the site B. The preparation method of the piezoceramic material comprises the following steps: preparing a niobic acid-bismuth-calcium (CNB) ceramic powder material by adopting a solid phase method, wherein the doping amounts of the lithium and cerium (Li, Ce) on the site A and the tantalum (Ta) on the site B in the niobic acid-bismuth-calcium (CNB) ceramic powder material are different; and then preparing the lithium-cerium-tantalum codoping CBN based piezoceramic material by pelleting, tabletting, discharging rubber, sintering, silvering and polarizing. The results show that the crystal particles of the lithium-cerium-tantalum codoping CBN based piezoceramic material obtained by preparation at a relatively low sintering temperature of 1100 DEG C are relatively compact and uniform, the sintering activity and compactness of ceramics are improved, and the sintering effect is relatively good; the piezoceramic performance of the piezoceramic material is greatly improved, and the dielectric loss of the piezoceramic material is reduced.

The invention discloses a preparation method of high-strength porous piezoelectric ceramic, and belongs to the technical field of ceramic preparation. Strontium carbonate, barium carbonate and titanium dioxide are mixed as a substrate, and tert-butanol and other substances and a plant extract are mixed as a reinforcing agent to prepare piezoelectric ceramic with high strength, high porosity and high piezoelectric performance. The tert-butanol has high saturated steam pressure and low surface tension, is highly volatile in the drying process of a green body, and does not affect compactness between adjacent granules, so that the strength of the green body is improved; in addition, monomers are introduced in the tert-butanol, macromolecules are obtained in the green body through a polymerization reaction of the monomers, and a three-dimensional network structure is constructed for supporting a ceramic body, so that high porosity is maintained; in the sintering process, a uniform pore structure is formed through an in-situ polymerization reaction, so that breakdown in the polarizing process can be avoided, transmission of stress and energy is facilitated, and thus the piezoelectric performance of the piezoelectric ceramic is improved; the high-strength porous piezoelectric ceramic has a wide application prospect.

This invention relates to a processing machine of the food industry, specifically, a new electronic sterilization device for liquid beverage or liquids. One pole of the electric voltage device is connected to the voltage connector sleeve with an outlet of hollow capillary emitter, and the other pole of the electric voltage device is connected to the collection container. The inner diameter of the exit end of the hollow capillary emitter is very small. Liquid forms a Taylor cone at the exit end under the electric field force, thus a high electric field area is formed on the surface of the Taylor cone. Bacteria passing through the high electric field area will be fully polarized, thoroughly disrupted or electroporated, and finally killed. This invention features simple structure and easy operation with better and more thorough sterilization effect, showing distinct technical advantages especially for substances inappropriate to be treated in high temperature, high pressure or strong electric field, and its wide use in food and beverage industry can be expected in the very near future.

The embodiment of the invention discloses a multi-frequency multi-dimensional nuclear magnetic logging method and device. The method comprises the steps of employing a plurality of different frequencies for working when an underground nuclear magnetic logging instrument works, wherein the plurality of different frequencies are different frequencies of which the frequency number is greater than two; respectively acquiring echoes corresponding to a plurality of different frequencies in a plurality of different acquisition time periods; collecting echoes corresponding to one frequency in one collection time period; when the echoes corresponding to any one frequency are collected, enabling the frequencies except the current echo collection frequency in the multiple different frequencies to bein a polarization waiting state; and calculating a predetermined spectrogram according to the acquired echoes of the plurality of frequencies, wherein the predetermined spectrogram comprises one or more of the following spectrograms: a D-T2 spectrogram, a T1-T2 spectrogram and a T1 / T2-T2 spectrogram. Through the scheme of the embodiment, the acquisition period is shortened, sufficient polarizationis ensured, and the inversion effects of T1-T2, T1 / T2-T2 and D-T2 are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of petroleum processing, and provides a deasphalting device and a method, the deasphalting device comprises a tank body, a feeding distributor, a power line and a conductive hollow cylindrical electrode, the hollow cylindrical electrode is arranged in the tank body, the feeding distributor comprises a discharging section and a conveying section which are connected with each other, the discharging section is located in the hollow cylindrical electrode, the conveying section extends out of the tank body from the lower part of the tank body, a plurality of discharging holes are formed in the discharging section corresponding to the lower part of the hollow cylindrical electrode, the hollow cylindrical electrode is not in contact with the wall surface of the tank body and the feeding distributor, one end of the power line is connected with the hollow cylindrical electrode, and the other end of the power line extends out of the tank body. According to the deasphalting method, the deasphalting device provided by the invention is adopted for deasphalting treatment, and the method and the device have a relatively good effect of removing the asphalt in the raw oil.

The invention discloses a rare-earth-doping-free high-Curie-temperature piezoelectric ceramic element, the general chemical formula of which is (1-x-y)CaBi2Ta2-aNbaO9+xNa0.5-bKbBi2.5Nb2O9+ySrBi2Nb2-cSbcO9+zwt%P, wherein x is greater than or equal to 0.05 and smaller than or equal to 0.85, and y is is greater than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 0.1, and P is one of or a combination of twoof CoO and MnCO3. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the piezoelectric ceramic element. The piezoelectric ceramic element prepared by the method has the advantages of high Curie temperature and low aging rate.

The invention discloses a road piezoelectric composite material and a preparation method thereof. The road piezoelectric composite material comprises 0.6-0.8 parts of barium titanate and 0.2-0.4 partof polyvinylidene fluoride based on mass. The road piezoelectric composite material has favorable piezoelectric and dielectric properties, is relatively good in traffic load impact resistance, relatively small in influence on soil environment and simple in preparation method.

The invention discloses a piezoelectric element partition polarization device, and belongs to the technical field of polarization of materials with piezoelectric characteristics. The device comprisesa partition voltage adjusting module, a probe adjusting module and a polarization control module, the partition voltage adjusting module can adjust the polarization voltage of each subarea to realizeindependent control of the polarization subarea electric field; the probe adjusting module can realize accurate positioning and synchronous polarization of a plurality of hundred-micron micro electrodes by adopting a method of matching an elastic telescopic probe with a probe positioning bracket; and the polarization control module can control a time change curve of total voltage and polarizationtemperature required by polarization. According to the invention, independent control of the multi-partition polarization electric field is realized, the multi-partition piezoelectric element can be synchronously polarized at one time, and the problem of inconsistent thermal depolarization and partition polarization intensity of the piezoelectric element caused by repeated polarization is avoided;the problems of difficult operation, difficult positioning, single polarization area and the like in the traditional method are solved, and the polarization quality of the partitioned piezoelectric element is improved.

The invention discloses a synchronous polarization method for a partitioned piezoelectric element, and belongs to the technical field of polarization of materials with piezoelectric characteristics. According to the invention, the plurality of elastic telescopic probes are adopted to press the subarea polarization electrodes on the piezoelectric element, and the polarization subareas are enabled to obtain polarization voltages with different magnitudes and directions by controlling the relative voltage difference, so that one-time synchronous polarization of the subarea piezoelectric element is completed. According to the invention, the polarization efficiency is improved, and the problem of inconsistent thermal depolarization and partition polarization intensity of the piezoelectric element caused by repeated polarization is avoided. Polarization of hundreds of microns of micro areas is realized, the elastic telescopic probe is in more sufficient contact with the micro electrode, thepolarization process is more stable, electrode surface damage caused by uneven stress is avoided, and the problems of difficult operation, difficult positioning and the like when a traditional polarization method polarizes the micro multi-partition piezoelectric element are solved. Meanwhile, the PC upper computer is used for controlling the high-voltage generator and the temperature control unit,the polarization process is simplified, and the polarization quality is improved.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide preparation methods to promote the polarization of asphalt -based voltage ceramic voltage composite materials, and to obtain voltage ceramic powder over or equal to 350 μm for voltage ceramic powder with a particle size of 350 μm and a particle size of 350 μm.Cases with a particle size of less than 350 μm and the ethanol solution dispersed in 80 ° C in a ethanol solution with a particle size of 80 ° C until the ethanol solution is completely volatile; the piezoelectric ceramic powder and carbon nanopotorcium conductive plasma with a particle size greater than or equal to 350 μm are added without no.Water ethanol is stirred until the water -free ethanol is completely volatilized; the two mixes obtained above are heated and stirred in the drying box to obtain a mixed material;The paste is coated on the surface to form an electrode; put the electrode into the silicon oil to polarize, that is, the asphalt base voltage electric ceramic voltage composite material is obtained.The polarization of the present invention is more sufficient, and it ensures the connection between the inter -particle measuring and the integrity of the material.

The invention discloses a rare-earth-doped high-Curie-temperature piezoelectric ceramic element. The general chemical formula of the rare-earth-doped high-Curie-temperature piezoelectric ceramic element is: (1‑x‑y)CaBi 2 Ta 2‑a Nb a o 9 +xNa 0.5‑b K b Bi 2.5 Nb 2 o 9 +ySrBi 2 Nb 2‑c Sb c o 9 +zwt%P, where, 0.05≤x≤0.85, 0≤y≤0.1, 0 <a≤0.2，0<b≤0.2，0<c≤0.1，0<z<5，p为coo和mnco3. A combination of one or two sintering aids. The invention also discloses a method for preparing the piezoelectric ceramic element. The piezoelectric ceramic element prepared by the invention has the advantages of high Curie temperature and low aging rate.< / a≤0.2，0<b≤0.2，0<c≤0.1，0<z<5，p为coo和mnco

The invention relates to a manganese-doped bismuth magnesium titanate-lead titanate piezoelectric single crystal and a preparation method thereof. The manganese-doped bismuth magnesium titanate-lead titanate piezoelectric single crystal has an ABO3 type composite perovskite structure, and the chemical composition of the manganese-doped bismuth magnesium titanate-lead titanate piezoelectric single crystal is (1-x)Bi (Mgi / 2Ti1 / 2)O3-xPbTiO3+ alpha MnO2, wherein in the formula, x is greater than or equal to 0.14 and smaller than or equal to 0.42, x stands for the molar ratio of a PbTiO3 component, manganese ions are used as doped ions and replace a bit B, and the doping concentration alpha of the manganese ions is greater than or equal to 0.1 mol% and smaller than or equal to 5 mol%. A cosolvent method is adopted, and pre-burning treatment is carried out before melting. Compared with a method which does not have a pre-burning treatment step before melting, the method has the characteristics that ingredients of the prepared single crystal are more uniform, the single crystal is modified by doping MnO2 in the single crystal, leak current and dielectric loss of the system are reduced, polarization is full, the piezoelectric property is improved, and utilization potentiality at high temperature is huge.

An electric spraying device includes a spray emitter made of electrically conductive material, an electrode container made of electrically conductive material, and a voltage source. The electrode container has an opening at an upper end thereof, and the voltage source has a first pole electrically coupled to the spray emitter and a second pole electrically coupled to the electrode container. The spray emitter has an exit end disposed at or within the opening of the electrode container. The exit end of the spray emitter has a surface with a set of projections extending therefrom, and the set of projections are configured to form a concentrated electric field in response to an applied voltage from the voltage source between the first pole and the second pole. The spray emitter is constructed and arranged to conduct liquid along the surface to the set of projections, so as to polarize the liquid under the concentrated electric field and to dispense the liquid into the electrode container.

The invention discloses a method for improving the quality of a piezoelectric ceramic buzzing piece and belongs to a preparation method of the piezoelectric ceramic buzzing piece. The invention aims to provide the preparation method of the piezoelectric ceramic buzzing piece to meet the requirement of large-scale production and improve the product quality. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing slurry, molding a green body, sintering the green body, coating a silver electrode, and pasting: uniformly mixing piezoelectric ceramic powder and polyvinyl alcohol colloid, spraying and drying to obtain aggregates; putting the aggregates into a mold, pressing into a bar green body by adopting an isostatic pressing process, and sintering; grinding an outer circle of a piezoelectric ceramic rod body, and then cutting the piezoelectric ceramic rod body into slices; ultrasonically cleaning, drying, printing silver paste on a surface, and burning silver; and bonding a coatedsilver electrode piezoelectric ceramic sheet with the metal sheet, and performing drying and curing. The buzzing sheet prepared by the method has the advantages of small impedance, large capacity, small frequency drift amount and the like, and the method is a method for preparing the piezoelectric ceramic buzzing sheet.

The invention discloses a method for synchronous polarization of partitioned piezoelectric elements, which belongs to the technical field of polarization of materials with piezoelectric characteristics. In the present invention, several elastic stretchable probes are used to touch the partitioned polarized electrodes on the piezoelectric element, and each polarized partition can obtain polarization voltages of different sizes and directions by controlling the relative voltage difference. synchronized polarization. The invention improves the polarization efficiency and avoids the problems of thermal depolarization of the piezoelectric element and inconsistency of the divisional polarization intensity caused by repeated polarization. The invention realizes the polarization of the tiny area of ​​hundreds of microns, the contact between the elastic stretchable probe and the tiny electrode is more sufficient, the polarization process is more stable, the electrode surface damage caused by uneven force is avoided, and the traditional polarization method is solved Difficulty in operation and positioning when polarizing tiny multi-section piezoelectric elements. At the same time, the PC host computer is used to control the high-voltage generator and the temperature control unit, which simplifies the polarization process and improves the polarization quality.

The invention provides a preparation method of piezoelectric fiber composite materials and piezoelectric fiber composite materials, and relates to the technical field of functional materials. The preparation method of piezoelectric fiber composite materials includes: carrying out unpolarized piezoelectric composite structures along the stacking direction. Cut to obtain a piezoelectric composite module; cover the cutting surface of the piezoelectric composite module with electrodes and perform polarization to obtain a polarized piezoelectric composite module; place several polarized piezoelectric composite modules along a vertical axis perpendicular to the cutting surface Stack and arrange in the direction, and coat the adjacent surfaces with polymer glue to obtain a second laminated structure; solidify the second laminated structure to obtain a polarized piezoelectric composite structure, which solves the problem of traditional piezoelectric During the preparation process of fiber composite materials, the polarization of piezoelectric fibers is uneven, which makes it difficult to fully polarize, thus reducing the flexibility and stability of composite materials.

The invention discloses a piezoelectric ceramic material with high Curie temperature and high temperature stability and its preparation method and application. It is characterized in that the ceramic material is formed by the general formula Ca 1‑x‑y‑z Li x Ce y Y z Bi 2 Nb 2 o 9 In the formula, 0≤ x ≤0.08, 0≤ ,y ≤0.15, 0≤ z ≤0.15, where, x represents the mole fraction of lithium, y Indicates the mole fraction of cerium, z Indicates the mole fraction of yttrium. The bismuth yttrium niobate calcium lithium cerium ceramic powder material is prepared by a solid phase method; and then the bismuth yttrium calcium lithium cerium piezoelectric ceramic is produced through granulation and tableting, debinding, sintering and polarization. The results of the silver test show that the crystal grains are relatively dense and uniform, which improves the sintering activity and has a high piezoelectric constant. d 33 , whose highest piezoelectric constant d 33 Up to 16.8pC / N. Bismuth yttrium niobate calcium lithium cerium ceramics have high high temperature resistivity (~5.9×10 6 Ω·cm, 500°C). Has good temperature stability and high Curie temperature (925 o C~941 o C).

The invention discloses a partitioned polarization device for a piezoelectric element, which belongs to the technical field of polarization of materials with piezoelectric characteristics. The device includes a partition voltage regulation module, a probe regulation module and a polarization control module; the partition voltage regulation module can adjust the polarization voltage of each partition to realize independent control of the polarization partition electric field; the probe regulation module adopts The method of elastically stretching the probe with the probe positioning bracket can realize the precise positioning and synchronous polarization of multiple hundreds of micron-scale tiny electrodes; the polarization control module can control the time change of the total voltage required for polarization and the polarization temperature curve. The present invention realizes the independent control of multi-partition polarization electric field, can simultaneously polarize multi-partition piezoelectric elements at one time, and avoids the problem of thermal depolarization of piezoelectric elements caused by repeated multiple polarizations and inconsistency of partition polarization intensity; solves the problem of The problems of difficult operation, difficult positioning, and single polarization area in the traditional method are solved, and the polarization quality of the partitioned piezoelectric element is improved.

This invention relates to a bending rocking ultrasonic micro-electric motor made of multiple group of piezoelectric sheets pile. It comprises: a central axle, a stator and a rotor slipped-over therewith, and a torque output part. The stator is composed of: an upper matching block, a converter, an electrode leading-out piece and a lower matching blocks. The converter is n pieces piezoelectric sheets (n>14), on the two surfaces of the sheet is divided into m electrodes (m>32) with different polarizing direction. All the sheets are put together to form a pile. Internal connection or external connection is used for connection between each layer electrodes. The simple signal excioted ones are parallel connected, then leading-out electrode; on the other hand, the coswt signal excites ones are also parallel connected then leading-out electrode. Advantages are: minimized, useful in biological, medical, micro-mechancial, national defance sciences fields.

The invention discloses a preparation method of bismuth sodium zirconate lithium cerium doped potassium sodium niobate base piezoelectric ceramic material, which is characterized in that the method adopts a traditional solid phase method to prepare bismuth sodium zirconate lithium cerium doped potassium niobate Sodium (KNN) based ceramic powder material; and then prepared bismuth sodium zirconate lithium cerium doped KNN based ceramics by granulation and tableting, debinding, sintering and silver polarized traditional electronic ceramics preparation process. The piezoelectric performance of KNN is greatly improved by doping the component (BiNa)(LiCe)ZrO3, and it has better temperature stability, which plays an important role in the application of KNN-based ceramic materials.

The invention discloses a preparation method of ultrahigh-purity niobium oxide. The preparation method comprises the steps of acidity regulation, extraction separation, neutralization, precipitation, drying and calcining by taking a fluoroniobic acid solution as a raw material. In the extraction separation step, sec-octyl alcohol is used for extracting the regulated niflumic acid material liquid to obtain an organic phase; subsequently the organic phase is pickled by a pickling agent; finally the pickled organic phase is re-extracted by an anti-niobium agent to obtain the ultrahigh-purity niobium oxide. The invention also provides the ultrahigh-purity niobium oxide prepared by the method; the percentage composition of Nb2O5 is larger than or equal to 99.995%; the content of each impurity satisfies the regulations of the standard YS / T548-2007 on product grades F Nb2O5-048 and F Nb2O5-045.