The invention discloses a melt differential electrostatic spinning device and process. The device mainly comprises a melt differential electrostatic spinning nozzle and a multi-electric-field coupling strong drafting device, wherein the melt differential electrostatic spinning nozzle is arranged above the multi-electric-field coupling strong drafting device. The melt differential electrostatic spinning nozzle mainly comprises a spreader plate, a nut, a spring washer, an air duct locating pin, a screw, a nozzle body locating pin, a nozzle body, an air duct, a heating device, a temperature sensor, an inner cone nozzle and a grounding electrode. The multi-electric-field coupling strong drafting device mainly comprises a first plate electrode, a second plate electrode, a first high-voltage electrostatic generator, a second high-voltage electrostatic generator and a fiber receiving plate. Under the action of force of a wind field and an electric field, finally, polymer melt is differentially and evenly distributed to form dozens of Taylor cones of one circle along the edge of the conical face, then dozens of jet flow are formed and refined to be nanometer filaments, a plurality of melt differential electrostatic spinning nozzle bodies are installed below the spreader plate so as to achieve mass production of nanometer fibers, the structure is simple, and parts are easy to machine and assemble.