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The invention discloses a crane position control method and system based on MPC and a control obstacle function. The method comprises the steps that S101, all to-be-controlled parameter values are calculated according to given positions; s102, solving an optimal control sequence u at the moment according to a predictive control algorithm; s103, designing a state observer according to the output y, the input u and the state at the moment, observing the state at the next moment, designing by adopting a full-dimensional linear state observer method, and adjusting parameters by adopting a DLQR method to obtain state information at the next moment for the step S102 at the next moment; and S104, the output of the real system is measured and sent to the step S103 at the next moment, and the predictive control algorithm is a model predictive control algorithm fused with the control barrier function. According to the crane position control method and system based on the MPC and the control barrier function provided by the invention, the model prediction control is combined with the control barrier function, so that the crane can reach a specified position.