The invention relates to an emergency floating device for a vehicle. The emergency floating device comprises a shell, a manual bracing wire ring, a button switch, a valve, an electrolyte water level sensor, a bracing wire, a control circuit, an electromagnet, a valve lever, a connecting shaft, a compressed air bottle, a foldable airbag and a floating tank. The emergency floating device can be mounted on various vehicles; the emergency floating device does not occupy much more volume or weight at ordinary times, but the airbag can be popped up at the emergency moment of the vehicle falling into water. The emergency floating device provided by the invention has three starting modes; the emergency floating device can be automatically started after encountering with water and can be manually started, so that the practicability of the emergency floating device is guaranteed, and the reliability of the device is greatly promoted; the vehicle can float on the water surface, so that passengers can be prevented from being drowned; and the cost is low, the structure is simple, and the safety performance of various vehicles can be greatly promoted.