The invention discloses a large-span curtain wall composite structure and an installation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of large-span curtain wall installation. The large-span curtain wall composite structure comprises steel through large cross beams arranged on a wall body and glass blocks arranged on the steel through large cross beams, pull rod paired holes and a plurality of sets of bolt paired holes are formed in the tops and the bottom sides of the steel through large cross beams at equal intervals, one pull rod paired hole corresponds to one set of bolt paired holes, first machine screw holes are formed in the sides, close to the wall body, of the steel through large cross beams, bent steel plates corresponding to the first machine screw holes are arranged on the sides, away from the wall body, of the steel through large cross beams, the first machine screw holes, the bent steel plates, the pull rod paired holes and the bolt holes are distributed alternately, and therefore, stress of a large-span full-height space curtain wall framework can be achieved and met, occupied indoor space of a vertical framework is reduced, the indoor area utilization rate is increased, and the large-span curtain wall composite structure is reasonable in structural stress, convenient and fast to install, good in coordination, good in economical efficiency and good in attractiveness.