The invention discloses a digital temperature measurement system for large-volume concrete construction. The temperature measurement system includes a temperature measurement device bracket, several serial temperature measurement devices, a data acquisition device and a server. The temperature measuring device bracket includes a supporting base, a vertical bar arranged on the supporting base, and a short horizontal bar arranged on the vertical bar. The series temperature measuring device includes a data line, and several temperature measuring instruments packaged on the data line, and the temperature measuring instrument includes a temperature sensor, a thin-walled steel sleeve, a filling material, a rubber pad and a heat shrinkable sleeve. The data acquisition device collects the temperature data of the temperature sensor according to the preset frequency, and transmits the data to the server. The series temperature measuring device has the advantages of high temperature resistance, anti-damage, anti-interference, and short-circuit prevention. The temperature measuring device bracket is used to fix the series temperature measuring device. The temperature measuring instrument is changed to a horizontal setting, which can effectively improve the measurement accuracy.