The invention belongs to the technical field related to medical equipment, and discloses a hand exoskeleton device with an under-actuated traction function, the hand exoskeleton device comprises an exoskeleton body, a thumb driving mechanism, a four-finger driving mechanism and a fastening torsion spring mechanism, the thumb driving mechanism is connected to the exoskeleton body, and the four-finger driving mechanism is connected to the fastening torsion spring mechanism; the four-finger driving mechanism is connected to the exoskeleton body through the fastening torsion spring mechanism; the exoskeleton body comprises a thread combining block, a little finger, a ring finger, a middle finger, an index finger and a thumb, the little finger, the ring finger, the middle finger, the index finger and the thumb are connected to the thread combining block, the thread combining block is connected to the fastening torsional spring mechanism, and the thumb is connected to the thumb driving mechanism through the thread combining block; the middle finger comprises a fingertip fingerstall, a middle finger ring, a near finger ring and a first four-finger traction nylon rope, one end of the first four-finger traction nylon rope is sequentially strung in the near finger ring, the middle finger ring and the fingertip fingerstall, and the other end of the first four-finger traction nylon rope is connected to the thread combining block. The size is reduced, and the flexibility is improved.