One or more embodiments of the invention provide a cable insulation damage detection device. The device comprises a detection body, used for sleeving on a cable. Grooves are uniformly formed in the inner side wall of the detection body along the circumferential direction at intervals. A first metal contact piece is arranged between every two adjacent grooves. One end of the elastic rod is insertedinto the groove, and a spring is fixedly connected to the connecting rod, the other end abuts against the outer side wall of the cable, to compress the spring. Therefore, the second metal contact piece contacts and is communicated with the first metal contact piece. The loop is conducted, and the motor is triggered to drive the walking wheels to rotate, to drive the detection body to walk. The other side, far away from the wheel carrier, of the detection body clings to the outer side wall of the cable through a pressing plate, opposite friction force is provided through the walking wheel andthe pressing plate, so that the elastic rod is pushed by the spring to slidably extend into the insulation damage, the second metal contact piece is moved away from the first metal contact piece to disconnect the loop so as to stop detection, and automatic and comprehensive insulation damage detection is realized.