The invention relates to a high-precision temperature measurement and control method based on double feedback, and the method comprises the steps: 1, temperature collection: providing constant-current drive for a temperature sensor through a constant-current drive temperature measurement part circuit, and designing a double-feedback temperature measurement mechanism to collect data, including main and auxiliary feedback temperature data; 2, temperature measurement data conditioning: extracting and amplifying the junction voltage of a temperature measurement diode by adopting two-stage amplification of a specific temperature zone, and completing two-stage amplification conditioning of temperature measurement data; 3, carrying out analog-to-digital conversion and digital filtering; 4, identifying the model; and 5, temperature control: designing a parallel control switching scheme to select temperature measurement data, optimizing a temperature control algorithm and performing fixed-point processing on algorithm parameters, and evaluating a high-precision temperature control effect of a real controlled object according to temperature control precision. The dual feedback provides dual reliability guarantee for the feedback source of the temperature control system, in addition, the anti-interference capability of temperature measurement is also improved by the nearest digital scheme of the main feedback, and high-precision temperature measurement assistance is provided for the high-precision temperature control effect.