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This invention discloses a formwork and construction method for a partially ultra-high cast-in-place beam in a large prefabricated factory building, relating to the field of building construction technology. It includes angle irons installed on both sides of a precast beam. Bolt holes are provided on one side surface of the angle irons, and fixing holes are provided on the other side surface. Square steel is installed above the angle irons, and a bottom beam formwork is installed above the square steel. Stirrups are installed above the bottom beam formwork, and the stirrups are filled with cast-in-place reinforcing steel. Side forms are provided on the surfaces of the stirrups, and square timber is installed on the side of the side forms away from the stirrups. The method employs a formwork support system where angle irons are mechanically anchored to the sides of the already installed high-altitude precast beam as load-bearing supports, and square steel is placed on the angle irons as a load-bearing frame. The anchor holes at the fixing points between the angle irons and the precast beams are L-shaped, allowing for variable elevation of the angle irons, ensuring both safe formwork support and smooth demolding.