An integral engine turbine blade mounting and dismounting device comprises a base, a lower column, an upper column, a lifter, a lifter driving assembly, a lifter installing plate, a lifting frame, a lifting frame guiding rod, a lifting frame guiding sleeve, a pull rod, a pull plate, an adapter part, a positioning disc, a turbine disc supporting ring, a blade supporting ring, an assembling compression cover and a detachable compression cover. An integral engine turbine blade mounting and dismounting method comprises the steps that when engine turbine blades are mounted and dismounted by using the device, a clamp for clamping the free ends of the blades and a base plate for the clamp to be placed, a turbine disc and the turbine disc supporting ring are fixedly connected, the turbine disc iskept stationary, the lifter is utilized as a power source, the turbine blades and the assembling compression cover or the detachable compression cover are driven to descend so as to achieve assembly and disassembly of the turbine blades. By using the device and the method, safe, quick and convenient mounting and dismounting of the engine turbine blades can be achieved, assembly and disassembly quality are ensured, and the effect is improved.