The invention provides a manhole cover type gas monitoring device, comprising a manhole cover, a microprocessor module, a sensor module, a wireless communication module, a display module, a power supply management module, a storage battery and a solar battery, wherein the manhole cover is provided with a sealed explosion-proof cavity; the microprocessor module, the sensor module, the wireless communication module, the display module, the power supply management module, the storage battery and the solar battery are respectively arranged in the sealed explosion-proof cavity; the cavity top of the sealed explosion-proof cavity is a transparent cavity top, the cavity bottom of the sealed explosion-proof cavity is provided with an air vent, and the air vent is internally provided with an explosion-proof ventilated waterproof net; the storage battery, an antenna of the wireless communication module and the display module are respectively arranged relatively to the transparent cavity top; the sensor module is arranged relatively to the air vent; and the microprocessor module is respectively connected with the sensor module, the wireless communication module and the display module. The device provided by the invention has the advantages of convenience for installation and maintenance, self-powered capability, good communication performance, direct display and high safety.